TREASURY   DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATES  COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY 

HENRY  S.  PRITCHETT 

SUPERINTENDENT. 


Bulletin  No.  38. 


ALASKA 


ITYDROGRAPHIC   NOTES,   SAILING   DIRECTIONS,   AND   CHARTS   OF 

SURVEYS  RELATING  TO  THE  VICINITY  OF  ^'RINCE  WILLIAM 

SOUND,  COOK  INLET,  KADIAK  ISLAND,  AND  ROUTE 

FROM  UNALASKA  TO  CIIIGNIK,  THROUGH 

UNIMAK    PASS   AND   INSIDE 

THE  ISLANDS. 

1897. 


By  Lieut.  Commander  J.  F.  MOSER,  U.  S.  N..  Commanding  Albatross. 

PUBLISHED  through  THE  COURTESY  OF  THE  PISH  COMMISSION. 


Bulletins  are  issued  by  the  Survey  from  time  to  time  as  material  for  tliem  accumulates.  They  are  intended 
to  give  early  announcement  of  work  ac<!omplished  or  information  of  importance  obtained,  and  will,  in  many 
ca.ses,  anticipate  the  usual  means  of  publication  afforded  by  the  Annual  Reports. 

Those  already  published,  Nos.  1  to  25,  inclusive,  in  quarto  form,  constitute  Vol.  I ;  Nos.  20  to  35,  inclusive, 
in  octavo,  constitute  Vol.  II ;  Vol.  Ill  begins  with  No.  3(i. 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING   OFFICE 

1890. 


/, 


TREASURY   DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATES  COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY 

HENRY  S.  PRITCHETT 

SUPERINTENDENT. 


Bulletin  No.  38. 


ALASKA 


IIYDROGRAPHIC    XOTES,   SAILING    DIRECTIONS,   AND   CHARTS   OF 

SURVEYS  RELATING  TO  THE  VICINITY  OF  PRINCE  AVILLIAM 

SOUND,  COOK  INLET,  KADIAK  ISLAND,  AND  ROUTE 

FROM  UNALASKA  TO  CHIGNIK,  THROUGH 

UNIMAK    PASS   AND   INSIDE 

THE   ISLANDS. 

1897. 


k 


By   lilEUT.    COMMANMKR    .1.    F.    MOSER,    IT.   S.   N..  CoMMANI)IS(i    Al.HATROSS. 
PUBI,ISHr.r>  THROf(iH  THK  COUKTF.SV  OF  THR  1-ISIl  COMMISSION. 


Bullotins  are  issnod  by  the  Siivvey  from  timo  to  time  a,s  jiiaterial  for  them  accumulates.  They  are  intended 
to  give  early  announcement  of  work  accomplished  or  information  of  importance  obtained,  and  will,  in  many 
c}»ses,  anticipate  the  nsnal  means  of  publication  afforded  by  the  Annual  Reports. 

Those  already  published,  Nos.  1  to  2.5,  inclusive,  in  (juarto  form,  constitute  Vol.  I;  Nos.  26  to  3.").  inclusive, 
in  octavo,  constitute  Vol.  II;  Vol.  Ill  begins  with  No.  ;!(i. 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE 
18'.*',l. 


Prefatory  note. — The  following  information  contains  hyilro^fapliic  notes,  sailing  directions,  and  charts  of 
surveys  made  by  Lieut.  Commaiuler  J.  F.  Moser,  U.  S.  N.,  cominanding  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission  steamer 
Albatross,  during  a  cruise  in  Ahuskan  waters  in  1.S97. 

In  this  locality  the  charts  are  far  from  conect.  and  these  notes  are  a  very  valuable  a<ldition  to  the  scant 
information  already  existing  in  print  on  this  jiart  of  Alaska. 

All  bearings  and  courses  are  magnetic- ;  all  distances  are  in  nautical  miles. 


Chart  8500. — I  do  not  wish  to  criticise  this  chart,  knowing  tliat  it  represents  an 
uusurveyed  area,  Tmt  I  think  it  shoiihl  be  known  that  it  is  simply  a  map  leased  for  the  most 
])art  njion  sketches.  In  the  rnn  of  the  Albatross  from  Cook  Inlet  to  Prince  William  Sound 
and  thence  to  the  eastward  the  errors  were  very  a^jparent,  and  mariners  should  he  cautioned 
that  they  can  not  use  this  chart  as  they  woulil  a  finished  survey  or  even  a  reconnoissance. 
From  the  Chugatz  Islands  to  Cape  Hinchinbrook  I  made  no  atteiuj)t  to  correct,  for  the 
reason  that  there  are  no  determined  points  to  base  corrections  on.  We  had  favorable  tidal 
conditions,  yet  we  logged  from  the  Chugatz  Islands  to  Port  Etches  30  miles  more  than  the 
measured  distance  on  the  chart.  Great  caution  must  be  observed  in  navigatiiig  these 
waters. 

PKTNCE    WILLIAM    SOUND. 

The  safe  channel  entering  is  between  Montague  Island  and  Hinchinbrook  Island, 
though  a  good  channel  exists  between  Montague  and  Latouche  islands,  passing  on  either 
side  of  Green  Island;  but  extending  from  the  latter  island,  both  north  and  south,  are  long 
lines  of  reefs  and  rocks,  and  a  local  knowledge  is  necessary  in  using  this  channel.  The 
Albatross  went  to  Port  Etches  and  thence  to  Orca  and  Odiak,  and  the  following  notes  may 
be  useful : 

From  Port  Etches  to  Orca  and  OcUal-. — From  a  point  1  mile  off  the  entrance  to  Port 
Etches  the  Albatross  steered  NNW.  I  "W.  11  miles;  this  course  headed  slightly  outside  of 
Knowles  Head,  which  is  a  high,  massive,  rounded  headland,  and  at  a  distance  seemed  to 
have  two  islands  outside  of  it,  but  upon  nearer  approach  the  inner  one  was  seen  as  a  point 
of  laud.  When  Cone  Point,  a  comparatively  low,  flattened,  cone-shape<l  headland,  form- 
ing the  western  entrance  point  to  Port  Gravina,  bears  N.  J  E.  steer  for  it.  On  this  course, 
which  the  Albatross  kept  7.:$  miles,  the  highest  part  of  Cone  Point  will  be  se(Mi  on  range 
with  the  highest  part  of  the  ridge  next  T)ack  of  it. 


Keep  the  cour.se  N.  f  E.  until  Gravina  Point,  a  low,  gravelly  point,  forming  the  eastern 
entrance  to  Port  Gravina,  lieai's  NE.  by  E.,and  Knowles  Head  NW.  ^  "W.;  then  steer  NE. 
by  E.  I  E.  T\ui  Albatross  kept  tlie  latti-r  course  17.4  miles.  Gravina  Point  .seems  to  be 
bold  and  has  not  the  islands  ami  rocks  around  it  as  indicated  on  the  chart.  Inside,  and  to 
the  westward  of  the  point,  is  a  small,  woDih'il  i.sland,  with  anchorage  in  10  fathoms  between 
the  island  and  the  p(-)int. 

(121) 


1  '_>'_' 


CORDOVA    BAY. 


Till'  iHH-tht'rn  shore  of  Cordova  Bay  must  be  kept  best  ou  board,  to  avoid  a  great  shoal 
that  makes  off  Hiucliiubrook  and  Hawkins  islands  well  across  tlie  ])ay.  It  is  said  that 
wlicn  the  small  islet  in  the  passage  between  these  islands  shows  in  tlie  middle  of  the  open- 
ing the  vessel  has  reached  the  point  of  the  most  northern  extension  of  the  shoal.  When 
abreast  of  Sheep  (or  Jackson)  Bay,  haul  off  so  as  to  arrive  off  Hanks  Island  in  mid-channel. 
Hanks  Island  is  a  small,  low,  rocky  islet,  with  a  scant  growth  of  trees  Ij'ing  close  to  the 
northwest  shore  and  midway  between  Sheep  and  Simpson  bays.  The  A  Ibatross  in  passing 
in  kept  Hanks  Island  close  aboard  to  avoid  a  shoal  on  which  a  cannery  ship  grounded,  but 
in  making  the  survey  the  shoal  was  found,  and  it  is  i^robable  that  we  passed  very  close  to 
it,  if  not  over  it.     From  Hanks  Island  to  the  cannery  the  survey  will  be  the  best  guide. 

From  mid-channel,  off  Hanks  Island,  a  course  NE.  i  E.  will  carry  to  the  Narrows. 
Keej)  in  nud-cbannel  through  tlie  Narrows  and  round  Hawkins  Point  close-to,  after  which 
follow  the  channel  between  Knot  Point  and  Observation  Island.  Keep  the  starboard  shore 
aboard  until  halfway  between  Knot  Point  and  Grass  Island,  when  haul  sharp  across  the 
passage  on  a  course  E.  J  S.  On  this  course  the  vessel  will  head  for  the  highest  peak  in  the 
back  mountain  masses,  and  on  range,  or  nearly  on  range,  with  it  will  be  a  small  sandy 
beach  at  the  water  line.     This  ccjurse  will  carry  across  the  narrowest  part  of  the  bar  in  3 


fathoms  at  mean  low  water.  After  passing  the  bar,  which  will  l)e  indicated  by  the  lead,  if 
bound  for  Orca,  haul  to  the  northward  for  the  cannery  and  anchor  off  the  building  in  from 
()  to  S  fathoms;  if  bound  for  Odial\,  haul  to  the  southward  and  anchor  to  the  northward  of 
Spike  Island  in  from  G  to  S  fathoms. 

There,  is  a  channel  around  the  northern,  end  of  Observation  Island  for  the  use  of  which 
a  local  knowledge  is  necessary,  but  the  following  may  be  useful  at  low  water : 

Give  Hawkins  Point  a  fair  berth,  2  cables,  and  steer  for  a  conspicuous  dead  tree  on  the 
eastern  shore  f  mile  north  of  the  cannery.  This  will  carry  between  South  Kock  and 
North  Rock,  both  of  which  are  uncovered  at  low  water,  the  former  1  cable  and  the  latter 
C  cables  off  the  northern  shore  of  Observation  Island.  The  channel  I  would  recommend  is 
the  Odiak  Channel ;  it  appears  to  carry  more  water,  and  so  far  as  known  there  are  no  rocks 
in  the  way. 

In  leaving  Orca  or  Odiak,  when  up  with  the  small  sand  beach  previously  referred  to, 
haul  sharp  across  for  a  point  midway  between  Knot  Point  and  Grass  Island,  or  for  the 
highest  hill  on  the  opposite  (western)  sliore. 


V2:\ 

The  Albatross,  in  leaving  Prince  William  Sound,  jiassed  between  Seal  Rocks  and  Cape 
Hindi inbrook,  about  3  miles  from  the  latter,  and  obtained  a  sounding  off  the  cape  of  10 
fathoms.  The  waters  were  discolored  and  uninviting,  and  even  after  passing  the  cape 
many  swirls  were  encountered;  in  general,  tlie  locality  had  an  uninviting  appearance. 

COOK   INLET. 

Kussilof. — The  Alhatruss  passed  up  Cook  Inlet,  keeping  from  i  to  (j  miles  off  the 
eastern  sliore.  It  is  very  difficult  to  locale  one's  position  there,  as  there  are  no  landmarks 
that  can  be  recognized  by  a  stranger,  and  the  current  is  so  strong  that  the  logged  distance 
is  deceptive.  The  break  in  the  line  of  bluffs,  as  mentioned  in  H.  O.  Supplement  No.  2, 
page  17,  occurs  some  distance  below  Kussilof.  About  2  miles  off  the  eastern  shove,  and 
about  6  miles  below  Kussilof,  there  are  two  large  rocks,  known  as  the  Sisters,  which  form 
the  best  mark  for  this  place.  It  is  recommended  to  give  these  rocks  a  berth  of  2  miles.  If 
bound  up  the  inlet  Kussilof  should  be  given  a  berth  of  at  least  0  miles  to  clear  the  great 
shoal  that  makes  oft'  at  that  point.     The  shoal  extends  out  in  a  NW.  by  W.  direction. 

To  anchor  off  the  cannery  bring  the  company's  office,  the  first  white  building  north  of 
the  cannery,  to  bear  ENE.  'l  E.  and  stand  in  for  it,  keeping  it  on  this  bearing.  Keep  the 
lead  going,  and  anchor  as  soon  as  a  depth  is  found  suitable  for  the  draft  of  the  vessel, 
allowing  30  feet  for  the  range  of  spring  tides.  A  narrow  shallow  channel  for  the  cannery 
steamers  and  launches,  marked  during  the  season  the  cannery  is  operated  by  a  barrel  beacon 
and  stakes,  winds  through  the  inner  shoals  from  the  southern  side  and  around  the  cape  into 
the  river.     The  mouth  of  the  channel  is  dry  at  low  water. 


FKOM  UNALASKATO  CIIICiMK,  TIIKOUGII  UNIMAK  PASS  AND  INSIDE 

THE  ISLANDS. 

UNALA8KA  TO  CAPE  I'ANKOF. 

The  Coast  Survey  Cliart  (No.  0007)  of  Uualaska  Bay  is  tlie  best  guide  to  pass  out  from 
the  anchorage  at  Iliuliuk  or  Dutch  hai'burs. 


T_>4 

Upon  arrivin.u:  at  a  position  1  mile  WNW.  }W.  fnun  Kalekhta  Head  (Cape  Kalekhta), 
a  course  of  NNE.  i  E.  carries  1  mile  clear  of  Flat  Top  Point,  whicli  from  this  positi<jn  bears 
NE.  Ijy  N.  and  is  seen  as  the  northwestern  extremity  of  Akutan  Island.  From  the  samo 
position,  the  middle  line  of  apparently  clear  water  through  Akutan  Pass  bears  ENE.  J  E. 
with  Unalga  Pass  just  opening,  and  a  course  for  Unalga  Point  may  be  shaped.  Flat  Top 
Point  here  appears  as  a  low  foot  or  bench  i)ro.jecting  from  the  higher  lands  of  Akutan  Island 
with  the  northern  extremity  of  the  island,  North  Head,  cutting  the  middle  of  the  foot. 


i     Ahutan  Head. 
Flat  fop  Point ,    yExN.  (may.)  15'. 

As  Flat  Top  Point  is  apjn-oached,  Priest  Rock,  off  Cape  Kalekhta,  draws  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  flat  Ulakhta  Head,  forming  the  extreme  end  of  Amaknak  Island. 

When  Flat  T(jp  Point  bears  E.  it  is  seen  jirojecting  against  the  high  lands  back  of  it. 
Tlie  foot  then  has  the  appearance  of  friable  lava,  and  on  the  seaward  face  are  numerous 
arches  and  caves. 

On  the  course  NNE.  \  E.,  as  Flat  Top  Point  draws  abeam,  Akun  Head  is  seen  to  open 
clear  of  North  Head  of  Akutan  Island  on  a  bearing  of  NE.  ),  E.;  and  in  looking  to  the 
southwest  a  reef,  bare  at  low  water,  is  seen  extending  from  the  western  face  of  Akutan 
Island  for  a  distance  of  1  mile,  the  outer  end  seeming  to  cover  the  western  end  of  Unalga 
Island. 

Continue  the  NNE.  V  E.  course  until  North  Head  of  Akutan  Island  comes  abeam,  dis- 
tant 2  miles,  when  change  to  NE.  -V  E.  for  Akun  Head. 

From  the  position  off  North  Head,  Priest  Rock  is  seen  against  the  high  fiat  Ulakhta 
Head  of  Amaknak  Island,  and  Flat  Top  Rock,  bearing  S.  f  W.,  is  now  seen  detached  from 
the  point.  The  rock  is  the  same  height  as  the  point  and  seems  as  if  jjart  of  the  point  had 
been  detached  and  slij)ped  a  short  distance  seaward. 


S.%W.(mag.) 

Flat  Top  Point  and  Rock. 

Akutan  (North)  Head  consists  of  two  liigh  ridges,  separated  by  a  grassy  valley.  The 
eastern  one  is  the  more  abrupt  and  extends  farther  to  the  northwest,  having  on  the  eastern 
side  a  bold  bluff  wliich  seems  to  dip  into  a  low  valley.  The  bluff  is  of  a  warm  reddish  color 
with  th(.'  stratification  diijjnug  slightly  to  the  northwest. 

From  the  position  off  North  Head,  Akun  Head  is  seen  as  a  high  massive  head  with  a 
nearly  vertical  sea  face.  From  the  same  position.  Cape  Kalekhta  shows  as  a  conical  peak 
and  may  be  recognized  as  being  tlie  ojily  oni'  of  that  description  seen  in  that  direction. 


VnalasHa  Island. 


Ahutan  Id. 


flat  Top  Point.  Cape   Kalehkia.-  UlaKlita  Head. 

Point  of  Kew.  aieam  of  Altuian  Brad,  dist.  2',  looKing  WS  W. 


125 


AftiT  ninniiig  i.'i  iiiilcs  on  the  NE.  A  E.  course,  Flat  T<j1)  Point  will  be  seen  on  range 
with  the  extreme  end  of  Cape  Kalekhta,  and  the  extreme  end  of  Amaknak  Island  just  open, 
beurinu;  SSW.  \  "W.  At  the  same  time  Progromnoi  Volcano,  Unimak  Island,  will  he  seen 
directly  ahead,  with  extensive  snow  fields  a  little  to  starboard. 

As  previously  noted,  Akun  Head  has  a  nearly  vertical  sea  face,  and  as  seen  upon  nearer 
api)roaeh  has  a  high  grass-covered  (in  summer)  saddle  to  the  southwest. 

The  course  NE.  i  E.  fi-om  the  position  oil'  North  Head  carried  14.7  miles  should  bring 
Akun  Head  abeam,  about  2  miles  distant.  lu  this  position  the  eastern  extremity  of  Ugamok 
Island  bears  E.  J  N.     A  course  of  E.  by  N.  should  now  carry  5  miles  clear  of  Caj)e  Khituk. 

The  curreiils  throiKjh  these  pusses  are  very  strong.  Through  Akutan  and  Unalga  the 
course  of  the  vessel  is  iu  the  direction  of  the  current,  biit  through  Unimak  Pass,  if  bound 
from  Akun  Head  to  Cape  Khituk  or  the  reverse,  the  current  is  either  on  the  bow  or  the 
(juarter.  The  allowance  of  coui-se  dejiends  upou  the  speed  of  the  vessel.  Under  average 
conditions  an  allowance  of  2  points  will  probably  not  be  found  too  much  during  the  strength 
of  the  current. 

After  rounding  Akun  Head  and  standing  through  Unimak  Pass,  the  attention  is 
attracted  to  the  island  of  that  name,  and  the  eye  is  first  fixed  on  the  rugged,  snow-clad, 
volcaiuc  peak  of  Frogromnoi,  over  5,500  feet  high,  conical,  with  dark  vertical  ridges  crop- 
ping through  the  snow.  Froui  a  iiat-topped  dome  af)parently  as  high  as  Progromnoi  but 
seemingly  not  connected  with  it,  there  extends  to  the  southeast  a  long,  high,  snow-covered 
table-land,  dipping  gradually  toward  Cape  Khituk.  This  snow  field  ajiparently  extends 
halfway  to  Cape  Khituk,  and  about  one-foui-th  of  the  distance  from  the  higher  mountain  a 
marked  nub  or  teat  is  noticed.  The  slopes,  except  around  Progromnoi,  are  not  abrupt. 
The  contour  between  the  volcano  and  NW.  Cape  (Cajie  Saritchey)  is  rolling.  Except  the 
snow-covered  jjortious  the  general  color  is  green  during  July  and  August  from  the  grass- 
covered  slopes.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  Scotch  Cap  the  bin  if  s  are  reddish  gray  with  a  dark 
pinnacle  rock  at  the  base  of  the  bluffs.  Cape  Khituk  has  the  appearance  of  being  terraced 
back  in  three  steps. 


Progromnoi  VoL 


Snow  fields. 


Scotch  Cap  Sock. 


Seal  Cape. 

(Cape  KhtInK) 


Ugamok  Island  is  rugged  in  outline  with  Txild  rocky  bluffs.     It  is  highest  at  the 
eastern  end,  where  there  is  a  sharp  conical  peak. 


S  £.{maff.) 


AboTit  halfwaybctween  Scotch  Cap  and  Cape  Khituk  a  l)are  slope  is  seen,  consisting 
ajjparently  of  volcanic  sand  and  ash,  of  slate  color,  with  a  slate-colored  bluff  at  the  eastern 
end.  To  the  westward  of  the  Scotch  Cap  a  stream  enters  the  sea,  which  from  the  westward 
shows  as  a  cascade,  but  is  not  visible  from  the  .southward.  A  short  distance  east  of  the  Cap 
is  a  large  rock  standing  on  the  grassy  slope  uear  the  beach,  and  having  the  ap])earance  of  a 
hut  or  barabara. 

To  the  eastward  of  Cajic  Khituk  there  is  a  hill  or  bench,  apparently  composed  of 
volcanic  rock  and  detritus,  about  700  feet  high,  detached  fimn  the  interior  plat(>aus  and 
ridges  by  intervening  valleys.  On  the  seaward  face  it  is  bluif,  with  a  foot  of  detritus  partly 
covered  during  the  summer  with  grass  and  sloping  toward  the  water.     From  this  hill  there 


126 

extends  a  low  belt  of  land  to  the  northward,  at  the  end  of  which  is  the  Promontory,  which 
forms  the  western  entrance  to  Unimak  Baj\ 

The  Promontory  on  the  northern  and  soixthern  sides  sloj^es  away  gradually,  joining 
the  features  uf  tlio  lower  land  on  either  side,  while  the  crest  (grass-covered  in  summer), 
though  appearing  as  a  detached  mass,  is  really  joined  to  the  central  mountain  system  by  a 
lower  connecting  ridge.  The  seaward  face  terminates  in  a  vertical  cliff  having  a  low  rocky 
foot  with  outlying  ledges. 

The  piiblished  charts  can  not  be  followed  in  navigating  these  waters.  They  consist  only 
of  disconnected  sketches,  a  survey  never  having  been  made  of  the  locality,  and  must  only  be 
considered  as  a  general  guide.  Besides,  the  currents  are  strong  and  difficult  to  predict  even 
within  large  limits,  and  safety  depends  upon  constant  ^'igilance.* 

From  a  position  at  which  Cape  Pankof  bears  NE.  i  E.  distant  30  miles,  the  headland 
forming  the  outer  end  of  the  cape  appears  as  an  island. 


Ptatok  Peninsula 


Cape  Pankof.  NE.  HE.  (mag)3a 


From  the  same  position  the  volcana  Shishaldin  is  seen,  cone-shaped,  regular  in  out- 
line, with  faint  wreaths  of  smoke  and  vapor  drifting  from  its  blackened  tip.  It  is  for  the 
most  part  snowclad,  except  where  the  rocky  cliffs  and  projections  tifford  no  lodgment. 

Isanotski  is  seen  to  the  right,  very  rugged,  and  having  a  broken  or  castellated  double 
peak.     On  account  of  its  rugged  character  less  snow  finds  lodgment  on  this  peak,  but  on  the  - 
southwest  side  there  is  an  apparently  deex)  rift  filled  with  snow.     The  great,  l>are,  rocky  oiit- 
crops  impress  one  with  their  massiveness.     The  double  and  broken  summit  is  bare  and  looks 
as  though  composed  of  great  vertical  rock  masses. 


Skichaldin  Vol. 


IsanoisKi  Peahs. 


After  roimding  Cape  Khituk  (Seal  Cape),  give  the  points  of  laud  on  the  southeast  shore 
of  Unimak  Island  a  berth  of  several  miles  and  pass  Cape  Pankof  at  a  distance  of  2  miles. 
The  waters  around  the  point  of  tlie  cape  seem  to  be  clear  of  dangers. 


CAPE    PANKOF    TO    I>EER    ISLAND    PASSAGE. 

With  Cape  Pankof  bearing  N  W.,  distant  2  miles,  laj'  a  coiirse  of  N.  by  E.  ^  E.  and  keep 
it  foi-  fiiurteeu  miles,  which  should  carry  2  miles  NW.  from  Umga  Island,  whence  a  course 
of  NNE.  i  E.  IG  miles  should  carry  well  2>ast  Fox  Island  and  into  the  passage  between  Deer 
Island  and  the  mainland.  As  some  current  will  jjrobably  be  encountered,  these  courses  and 
distances  must  not  be  blindly  followed.  The  chart  gives  Umga  Island  relatively  too  far  to 
the  northwest,  for  if  it  were  known  that  Cape  Pankof  and  Umga  Island  were  both  bold,  a 
single  course  would  carry  from  Cape  Pankof  to  the  passage,  leaving  Umga  I.sland  to  the 
southward.     Do  not  go  to  the  southward  of  Umga  Island,  where  foul  ground  is  reported. 

Pass  Fox  Island  about  1  mile  distant,  and  give  Thin  Point  a  wide  berth,  as  it  is  shoal, 
with  many  detached  rocks  lying  some  distance  offshore.  On  the  coiirse  NNE.  J  E.  from 
Umga  Island  to  the  passage,  and  5  miles  from  the  former,  in  looking  to  the  southwest  Cape 
Pankof  appears  like  a  headless  sphynx  having  a  general  reddi.sh  color,  which  in  summer  has 
a  greenish  tinge.    Umga  Island  at  the  same  time  is  seen  ^  point  open  from  the  cape,  and  in 

*8eo  romarks  on  Chart  8.~>ao,  (Kigo  121. 


1-27 

clear  -weather  stands  prominently  ayaiiist  tlie  sky  line.  It  is  a  small  ronndeil  island,  prob- 
ably 150  feet  liigli  and  J  mile  in  diameter,  and  rises  abruptly  in  sloping  lilulls  on  nearly  all 
sides.  In  summer  the  top  and  the  gentler  slopes  are  grass-covered,  and  the  rocky  outcrops 
are  dark  brownish.  From  tlu'  pnsitinn  n'fi'i-n-<l  to  it  resembles  a  military  cai)witli  the  visor 
turned  to  the  northward. 


l/mffa  Island.         Cape  Panhof. 

Looking  to  the  northwest  (froni  the  same  position)  Amagat  Island  appears  ])rom- 
inently;  it  is  high  and  bold  and  resembles  two  beehives  abutting,  the  one  to  the  southward 
higher  and  sharper,  the  otlier  lower,  broader,  and  flat-topiied.  The  color  is  clayey  red  with 
splashes  of  green. 


Amagat  Island. 

To  the  southward  and  east  ward  the  low  islets  and  roofs  belonging  to  the  Sandman 
Reefs  arc  visible.  To  the  nortlieast  are  seen  Deer  Island,  an  irregular  mountain  mass 
with  intervening  valleys,  having  off  its  southei-n  end  several  small  islets,  and  Fox  Island, 
lying  in  a  crescent-shaped  bay  of  Deer  Island.  To  the  northward  is  Thin  Point,  low, 
covered  with  grass,  and  terminating  in  a  low  bluff  of  reddish  clay,  with  a  peculiar  low 
dome-shaped  hill  lying  back  from  the  shore  line. 

On  the  course  NNE.  f  E.  about  7  miles  from  Umga  -Island,  soundings  of  15  to  20 
fathoms  of  water  may  be  obtained,  shoaling  as  Deer  Island  is  apj^roached,  and  an  anchorage 
may  be  made  here  in  moderate  weather  for  the  uiglit  in  case  it  becomes  thick. 

The  wind  hauling  over  the  narroM-  necks  of  land  separating  the  adjoining  bays  on  the 
southern  .side  of  the  iieninsula  from  Bering  Sea  are  sometimes  very  violent. 


I>KER    ISL.VXD    PASSAGE    TO    ILIASIK    STKAIT. 

Bold  Cape,  on  the  northern  side  of  Deer  Island  Passage,  is  seen  as  a  blunt  lull  with  a 
bare  red  tnp  ;ind  sides  gently  sloping  to  the  east  and  west,  and  the  seaward  face  broken  off 
into  steep  rocky  bluffs  of  a  grayish  color,  except  at  the  eastern  end,  whei-e  it  is  a  bride  red. 
Immodiately  eastof  the  cape  is  a  second  hill,  marked  by  a  yellow  slide,  which  extends  down 
tlu!  face  of  its  grassy  slope.     A  number  of  detached  rocks  lie  close  inshore  around  the  cape. 


Grey. 

Bold  Cape. 


Vf-Red:-^ 


Yellow  Sfide. 


The  northeast  end  of  Deer  Island  is  high,  and  grass-covered  to  the  top.     North  Cape 
may  be  recognized  by  a  steei),  high,  triangular  cliff'  in  tlio  othorwise  slo])ing  hillsides. 


North  Cape. 


128 

Tho  Albatross  kept  in  mid-channel  through  the  passage,  and  with  Bold  Cape  abeam 
changed  course  to  NE.  by  E.  J  E.,  ran  17  miles,  and  fetched  in  Iliasik  Strait. 

With  Bold  Cape  bearing  W.  by  S.  and  North  Cape  SW.  f  S.  the  northern  end  of  Deer 
Island  was  noticed  tangent  to  Amagat  Island,  bearing  SW.  ^  W.  Directly  over  Amagat 
Island  and  above  the  clouds  rose  the  riigged  peak  of  Isanotski,  with  Dome  close  to  it  and 
the  tapering  cone  of  Shishaldin  abutting  on  Dome,  the  three  peaks  nested  together  with 
Isanotski  to  the  southward  and  Shishaldin  to  the  northward. 


/sanofskt 


Dome 


Shishaldin 


Deer  Id  tangent  to  Amagat.  SWVaW.  (mag.) 


The  route  is  through  Iliasik  Strait,  between  the  Outer  and  Inner  Iliasik  islands.  There 
is  no  practical  channel  for  vessels  between  the  inner  island  and  the  mainland ;  there  is  a 
narrow  passage  for  small  vessels,  but  it  is  much  obstructed  and  a  local  knowledge  is  neces- 
sary for  its  use.     Close  under  the  nortliern  shore  of  this  passage  is  a  high  lone  rock. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Outer  Iliasik  is  a  mass  of  irregular  hills,  terminating  on  the 
southern  end  in  a  long  low  point.  ^ 

From  off  Bold  Cape  the  Inner  Iliasik  has  the  appearance  of  two  separate  islands,  but 
upon  nearer  approach  it  is  seen  that  the  island  has  a  high  hill  at  either  end  connected  by  a 
low  neck  of  land,  the  southern  one  taking  ujj  half  the  length  of  the  island  and  the  iipper  or 
northern  hill  from  the  southward  resembling  a  gigantic  saddle  covered  ■with  grass.  The 
western  sides  of  the  two  hills  are  high  irregular  bluffs. 


Inner  Iliasili  Id.  from   Wd. 


Belkofski  Cape  forms  the  eastern  point  of  entrance  to  the  bay  of  the  same  name.     It 

is  recognized  by  its  high  hill,  the  upper  i)art  bare  and  gray-colored,  the  lower  slopes  grassy, 
with  a  double  slideway  in  nearly  parallel  lines  on  the  southern  face  extending  nearly  to  the 
water.  Immediately  east  from  the  cape  a  low  bluff  extends  to  a  bend  in  the  shore  line,  on 
which  is  situated  the  village  of  Bellcofski.  The  anchorage  is  off  the  village  in  10  to  12  fath- 
oms, with  the  high  rock,  prexaously  referred  to  as  standing  clo.se  to  the  northern  shore  in  the 
passage  between  the  Inner  Iliasik  and  the  mainland,  on  range  with  Moss  Cape.  There  is  a 
long  sand  and  bowlder  beach  in  front  of  the  village,  on  which  a  landing  maj^  be  made  in 
moderate  weather. 


Cape  BelHofsta. 


BelhofsHi  Village. 


Upon  approaching  the  passage  from  the  westward  on  the  course  NE.  by  E.  f  E.,  a 
reef  of  rocks  is  seen  to  extend  from  the  Inner  Iliasik  for  quite  a  distance  into  the  channel. 
Upon  nearer  approach  these  rocks  are  seen  to  make  off  from  the  southern  point  of  the 
island ;  in  fact,  the  shores  of  both  islands  in  the  vicinity  of  the  straits,  except  the  eastern 
side  of  the  inner  island,  appear  foul,  but  there  do  not  seem  to  be  any  dangers  in  mid-chan- 
nel. The  waters  in  the  passage  were  carefully  observed,  but  no  indications  of  kelp  or  shoal 
water  were  observed  except  alongshore.  On  approaching  tho  passage  soundings  in  from 
8  to  12  fathoms  were  obtained — there  may  be  less — on  which  it  is  thought  an  anchorage  (;ould 
be  made  in  case  of  fog. 


The  course  of  NE.  by  E.  f  E.  carrieil  the  AUmtrnss  from  Deer  Island  Passage  through 
the  Iliasik  Strait.  It  was  noticed  that  on  tliis  course  a  high  detached  pinnacle  rock  lying 
off  the  southern  end  of  Dol,!,^oi  Island  was  on  range  with  a  nipple  on  the  upi>er  slope  of 
Poperechnoi  Island.  Strangers  should  ui)On  approaching  the  strait  open  it  wide  before 
attempting  the  passage,  and  then  stand  through  in  mid-channel. 


fiiner  JliasiH  Jd.  Dolgoi  Id.  IliasiH  Strait. 

Poperechnoi  Id. 

Point ot view,  abreast  Cape  BelKofsKi.   looking  N E.f.S.(mag.) 


ILIASIK    STRAIT    TO    UNGA    STRAIT. 

The  route  is  between  Inner  Iliasik  and  (loloi  islands,  and  then  around  the  northern 
points  of  Goloi,  Dolgoi,  Ukolnoi,  Wossnessenski,  and  outlying  islets,  and  Unga  Island,  or 
between  the  islands  and  the  peninsvila. 

After  passing  through  the  Iliasik  Strait  in  mid-channel,  and  clearing  this  well,  haul 
up  NNW.  ]-  W.  No  special  courses  can  be  given  through  these  passages,  as  they  must  be 
frequently  changed  to  suit  the  conditions.  I  can  simply  say,  follow  the  route  indicated  and 
keep  in  mid-channel. 

Goloi  Island  from  the  westward  appears  as  a  moderately  high  single  ridge  with  steep 
sides,  the  greater  part  in  bluffs  of  gray  or  brown-gray  color.  At  the  northwest  point  a 
long,  low,  flat  sand  and  shingle  point  makes  into  the  channel.  On  the  inner  end  of  this 
spit  is  a  grassy  knoll  open  from  the  base  of  the  ridge. 


Western  face  Goloi  Id. 

A  sand  and  shingle  spit  makes  otf  toward  the  channel  from  Moss  Cape,  and  this,  with 
the  spit  off  Goloi  Island,  when  seen  from  certain  positions,  seems  to  extend  a  long  distance 
into  the  channel ;  but  upon  nearer  approach  it  is  found  that  these  spits  are  more  marked 
to  the  eye  on  account  of  the  surrounding  higher  land,  and  that  a  wide  channel  carries 
safely  through.  The  Albatross,  after  passing  Goloi  Island,  kept  N.  \  W.,  which  carried 
clear  of  Bluff  Cax)e,  the  northwest  point  of  Dolgoi  I.^land.  On  this  course  the  uj^per  part 
of  Inner  Iliasik  Island  was  dii-ectly  astern. 

Bluff  Cape,  bearing  N.  by  E.,  appears  as  a  series  of  low,  dark-brownish,  rocky  bluffs, 
back  of  which  the  land  rises  gradually  in  a  grassy  slope  to  tlie  upper  hills  of  the  island. 


S.>iE.(mag.) 


Bluff  Cape. 


A  sand  spit  was  noticed  to  make  out  from  Dolgoi  Island  toward  Goloi  Island. 

Judging  from  our  run  to  the  eastward,  I  believe  the  following  directions  will  hold  good 
for  a  vessel  using  this  passage  and  bound  to  the  westwai'd,  though  we  did  not  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  try  it. 

From  a  point  J  mile  off  Bhiff  Cape,  steer  for  the  highest  x)art  of  the  upper  half  of  the 
Inner  Iliasik,  and  after  rounding  the  spit  on  Goloi  Island  steer  for  the  center  of  the  Outer 
Iliasik  until  the  Iliasik  Strait  is  wide  open,  then  pass  through  in  mid-channel. 


130 

Bear  Cape  is  comparatively  low,  with  the  extreme  i^oint  broken  into  hollows  and  caves, 
the  eastern  part  presenting  low  cliffs  of  basalt  of  marked  columnar  structure,  appearing 
like  a  vast  stockade  with  the  top  covered  with  grass. 


West  [maif.) 


Bear  Cape 


The  three  peaks  of  Pavlof  come  into  view  before  passing  through  Iliasik  Strait,  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Bear  Cape  the  rugged  castellated  Aghileen  Pinnacles  come  in  sight. 

From  a  point  J  mile  off  Bluff  Cape,  a  course  NE.  J  N.,  10.3  miles,  carried  the  Albatross 
to  a  beam  position  off  the  northern  extremity  of  Ukolnoi  Island,  distant  1.(5  miles.  Changed 
course  here  to  NE.  by  E.,  and  after  running  15.4  miles  arrived  at  a  jjoint  where  Seal  Cai)e 
was  abeam,  distant  about  3  miles;  then  changed  course  to  NE.  ^  E.  and  ran  17.9  miles  to  a 
point  off  Gull  Island  at  the  entrance  to  Coal  Harbor,  Unga  Island. 

Ukolnoi  Island  is  generally  grass-covered,  but  few  places  showing  bare  rock.  The 
northernmost  part  seems  to  be  the  highest,  and  culminates  in  a  ragged-topped  peak.  From 
the  eastern  end  a  series  of  rocky  projections  seem  to  extend  to  Wossnessenski  Island.  Near 
the  northern  end  a  large  ledge  of  rocks  well  above  water  was  noticed  about  i  mile  off  the 
shore.  v 


SE'UZ.imag.) 


UKolnoi  Island. 


SW.(mag.) 


Wossnessenski  Island,  as  near  as  could  bo  judged,  has  a  central  broken  ridge  with 
the  highest  features  east  of  the  center,  terminating  at  the  eastern  extremity  in  high,  steep 
bluft's.     Two  large  rock  masses  lie  well  oft"  the  eastern  point. 


SE.'/i£(mag.) 


WossnessensKi  Island. 


S.^iE.(mag) 


The  chart  is  so  much  in  error  along  this  course,  particularly  along  the  peninsula,  that 
it  is  almost  impossible  to  recognize  any  of  the  shore  features  by  it.  Seal  Cape  is  about  2 
miles  to  the  eastward  of  the  point  forming  the  entrance  to  Coal  Bay  (peninsula  side)  and 
seems  to  lie  nearer  the  cliannel  than  the  latter.  An  outlying  rock  lies  about  1  mile  to  the 
eastward  of  Seal  Cape.  Coal  Bay  Point  is  recognized  by  the  small  rocky  islet  lying  off  its 
extremity.  It  is  said  that  a  rock  known  as  Moses  Eock  lies  some  distance  off  this  shore,  and 
it  may  be  the  rock  referred  to  as  being  near  Seal  Cape.  In  the  absence  of  better  information, 
however,  I  would  recommend  that  vessels  in  passing  give  the  locality  a  berth  of  about  2 
miles. 

Jude  Island,  south  of  the  course,  ap2)ears  low  and  conical. 

Bay  Point,  Unga  Island,  is  a  prominent  landmark,  and  seems  steep  with  a  precipitous 
sea  face.     Tlie  top  is  flat,  covered  with  grass,  the  bare  rock  showing  dark  brown. 


SEImag.) 
Bay  Point,  Unga  Island. 


From  Pavlof  Bay  to  Point  Swedania,  along  the  peninsula,  including  Coal  Bay,  Otter 
Bay,  Beaver  Bay,  and  Portage  Bay,  the  charts  seem  very  much  mixed,  and  it  would  be  out 


l.-il 

of  place  to  attempt  a  criticism  based  upon  obsci-vation  simply  in  passiug.  ily  impression 
is,  however,  that  the  old  Coast  Survey  chart  80G,  along  this  part,  gives  a  fairer  idea  of  the 
shore  features  of  this  locality  than  8800.  Beaver  Bay  seems  to  make  in  as  shown  on  806, 
and  the  entrance  to  Otter  Bay  did  not  open  until  just  before  Point  Aliaksiu  shut  it  in. 

What  I  judge  to  be  Point  Aliaksin  is  the  seaward  extension  of  a  moderately  high  ridge 
lying  between  Portage  Bay  and  Beaver  Bay.  From  the  westward  it  is  not  readily  distin- 
guished from  the  point  of  entj-ance  to  Beaver  Bay,  but  after  passing,  on  a  bearing  NW. 
liy  W.  -\  W.,  it  comes  out  clear  and  appears  as  a  moderately  steep  point  with  an  outlying 
reef  partly  above  water  to  the  SW.,  and  a  bright  red-colored  bluff  a  few  hundred  yards  to 
the  eastward. 


NlV.xW.'/sK(may.) 


Cape  Aliahsin. 


The  shores  on  each  side  of  Uuga  Strait  are  comparatively  low,  rising  to  the  higher  hills 
a  short  distance  back. 

Gull  Island,  off  the  entrance  to  Ct)al  Harbor,  Unga  Island,  is  a  small  irregular  mass  of 
reddish  rock.  Hat  on  top,  and  about  flO  feet  high.  It  is  easily  distinguished  and  is  a  good 
landnuirk. 

Coal  Harbor,  Zacharefskaia  Bay. — A  good  anchorage  may  be  made  in  this  iiarbur, 
but  care  should  be  i)l).served  in  entering,  as  the  chart,  C.  S.  No.  8891,  does  not  show  a  danger 
near  the  entrance.  The  extent  of  the  shoal  making  off  the  western  point  of  entrance  toward 
Giill  Island  is  not  shown  on  chart  8891.  From  Gull  Island  at  low  water,  rocks  out  of  water 
were  observed  extending  out  (from  Uuga  Lsland)  to  a  bearing  SE.  ^  S.  It  is  on  these  rocks 
that  the  schooner  Webster,  it  is  said,  was  lost  in  1891.  In  entering,  pass  ^  mile  to  the  east- 
ward of  Gull  Island  and  steer  for  Round  Island ;  or  keep  in  mid-channel,  slightly  favoring 
the  eastern  shore.  Weedy  Shoal  need  not  be  feared,  as  it  shows  plainly  and  lies  just  outside 
the  headlands.     The  Albatross  made  a  night  anchorage  here  off  the  lower  end  of  Weedy  Shoal. 

UNGA    STKAIT    TO    KAUIAK. 

The  route  lies  north  of  Unga  and  Popof  islands,  between  High  Island  and  Korovin  Island, 
and  through  Gorman  Strait  to  Kiii^reanof  Point;  thence  along  the  southern  side  of  the 
peniiisula,  and  between  Sutwik  Island  and  the  Semidi  Islands. 

From  a  point  1  mile  off  Gull  Island,  the  Alba.ross  steered  E.  J  N.,  I '.)  miles,  which  carried 
into  Gorman  Strait.'  High  Island  is  the  key  to  Gorman  Strait  in  thick  weather.  It  is 
small,  high  at  the  northern  end,  and  at  a  distance  from  the  westward  resembles  a  sleeping 
lion.  It  is  about  200  feet  high,  with  steep  red  cliffs  as  seen  from  the  westward,  and  a  flattened 
grass-covered  toj).  From  the  eastward  the  red  cliffs  are  not  seen,  but  to  the  northward 
appear  steep  grassy  bluffs  with  grassy  slopes  to  the  southward. 


Gorman  Strait. 


^^TJiiilM^^  ^i^^ 


ENE.%E.(mag.) 
Korovin  Id. 


E.%N.(may.) 

Andronica  Id. 


E.ysN.(mag.) 

High  Id. 


E.  (mag.) 
Popof  Id. 


Henderson  Island  is  a  small,  low,  i-ocky  islet  lying  close  \i7ider  the  western  shore  of 
Korovin  Island,  and  in  approaching  from  the  westward  it  is  difficult  to  separate  it  from 
Korovin  Island  until  close-to.     The  chart  position  does  not  seem  to  be  correct;  I  think  it  lies 


132 


more  to  the  northward.     Approaching  from  the  westward  it  opens  out  on  a  bearing  N.  ^  E. 
comes  tangent  again  on  NW.  J  N.,  and  closes  out  altogether  on  NW.  by  "W.  i  W." 


House. 

Henderson  Id. 


N.%E(mag.) 
Tangent. 


Korovin  Id. 


Korovin  Island  on  the  southern  end  has  a  rugged  head,  which,  at  a  distance,  when 
approaching  from  tlie  eastward  or  westward,  appears  to  be  a  separate  island,  but  on  nearer 
approach  it  is  seen  to  be  connected  by  a  moderately  low  grassy  neck. 


£NE.%E.(mag.) 


Korovin  Island. 


NNW.(mag.)  Cape  Devine. 


Andronica  Island  appears  rugged,  with  grass-covered  valleys.  In  approaching  from 
the  eastward,  off  the  northern  end,  a  beehive-shai^ed  rock,  apparently  150  feet  high,  with 
grass-covered  top,  projects  slightly  from  the  shore.  This  rock  changes  its  appearance  as  the 
straits  are  approached,  and  when  abeam  it  is  seen  as  a  split  rock.  To  the  westward  a  rugged 
cliff  has  on  its  projecting  foot  a  marked  yellow  slojje.  The  extreme  northwest  end  has  a  bold, 
rugged  face,  witlioiit  verdure. 

Gorman  Strait  seems  to  be  free  of  all  dangers.  There  are  a  few  scattered  rocks  along 
the  shore,  and  extending  a  short  distance  beyond  the  points ;  but  until  the  locality  has  been 
surveyed  the  iisual  mid-channel  course  followed  by  vessels  is  recommended.  From  the 
middle  of  Gorman  Strait,  High  Island  is  seen  tangent  to  the  northern  extremity  of  Popof 
Island. 


Popof  Island. 


S.xE.(Tnag.) 

Pirate  Cove. 


Kupreanof  Point  is  the  southeast  extremity  of  an  irregular  peninsula  making  off  from 
the  mainland  and  having  Ivanof  Bay  on  the  east  and  Stepovak  Bay  on  the  west.  The  point 
is  high  and  bold,  the  extreme  end  appearing  very  rugged.     It  is  an  imp(jrtant  landmark. 


N'4Wfmag.) 


Kupreanof   Point. 


N.xE.%E.(mag.} 


Castle  Bock  in  clear  weatlior  is  soen  to  tlie  southeast  after  clearing  Aiulronica  Island. 
It  lies  nil  the  northern  end  of  Big  Koniushi  Island,  an<l  apjtears  like  a  great  mass  of  rocky, 
castellated  crags.  It  is  an  important  landmark  for  vessels  making  the  Shumagin  Islands 
from  the  southeast. 

E  *  S  (mag)  ESE.%E.(maff.) 

V  ^ 

Castle  Rock.  Cape  Thompson,  Big  Koniushi  Id. 


The  Albatross  in  going  to  the  eastward  stopped  along  the  ronte,  but  in  going  to  the 
westward  she  went  direct  from  Karluk  through  Gorman  Strait.  I  shall  therefore  give  the 
courses  and  distances  run  by  the  vessel  from  Karluk  to  Gorman  Strait. 

From  a  point  1  mile  to  the  northward  of  Cape  Karluk  laid  a  course  S.  26°  30'  W.,  ran 
97.3  miles  by  patent  log,  when  Foggy  Cape  was  abeam,  distant  5  miles.  Changed  course 
to  S.  34°  W.,  and  ran  103  miles  by  patent  log,  when  Kui)reanof  Point  was  abeam,  distant 
about  6  miles.  On  this  course  passed  Mitrofania  Island,  distant  2.6  miles.  AVith  Kupreanof 
Point  abeam,  changed  course  to  S.  56°  W.,  and  ran  21. 4  miles  by  patent  log,  which  carried 
through  Gorman  Strait. 

Reversing  these  courses : 

From  Gorman  Strait  to  a  point  6  miles  off  Kupi-eanof  Point,  N.  56°  E.  21.4  miles  by 
patent  log ;  from  a  point  6  miles  off  Kui^reanof  Point  to  a  point  5  miles  from  J'nggy  Cape, 
N.  34°  E.  103  miles  by  patent  log;  from  a  point  5  miles  off  Foggy  Cajie  to  a  point  1  mile  off 
Cape  Karluk,  N.  26°  30'  E.  97.3  miles  by  patent  log. 

We  saw  no  islets  soiith  of  Mitrofania  Island,  but  noticed  two  that  appeared  to  lie  nearly 
on  a  line  or  a  little  outside  of  the  line  joining  the  southern  extremities  of  Mitrofania  and 
CJiiachi  islands.  It  is  probable  that  more  or  less  tidal  current  is  felt  along  this  stretch,  so 
that  courses  may  not  be  implicitly  followed. 

In  going  to  the  eastward  the  Albatross  stopped  at  Chignik  Bay  and  made  a  night  run 
from  Gorman  Strait  to  Chignik  Bay.  On  leaving  Gorman  Strait  a  course  N.  56°  E.  was 
cariued  for  40  miles  byjjatent  log,  and  then  changed  to  N.  34°  E.  for  58  miles  by  patent  log. 
This  run  carried  a  long  distance  off  the  entrance  to  Chignik  Bay  and  about  11  miles  outside 
of  Mitrofania  Island  and  14  miles  outside  of  Chankliut  Island. 


CHIGNIK  BAY. 

The  chart  in  the  vicinity  of  Chignik  Bay  and  the  outlying  islands,  iui-ludiiig  the  Scinidis, 
is  very  much  in  error.  During  the  few  days  the  Albatross  visited  the  fisheries  at  Chignik 
Bay  a  sextant  sketch  was  made  of  the  bay  and  a  reconnois.sance  of  the  Lagoon  and  Anchorage 
Bay.  On  the  sketch  an  apin-o.ximate  location  has  been  given  of  the  features  on  the  southern 
side  of  the  bay,  together  with  Nakchamik,  Atkulik,  and  Rocky  islands.  This  sketch  is 
suflRciently  accurate  for,  navigation  purposes  in  the  locality  covered  by  it;  but  it  is  not  con- 
nected with  the  Semidi  Islands  or  Sutwik  Island,  which  are  important  features  in  making 
Chignik  Bay.  I  realized  all  this  at  the  time,  and  an  attempt  was  made  to  extend  the  work 
to  those  points,  but  the  weather  was  thick  and  our  regular  work  admitted  of  no  delay. 

Captain  Hansen  of  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  who  commanded  the  Dora,  a  mail 
steamer  making  monthly  round  trips  between  Sitka  and  Unalaska,  furnished  the  following 
course's  and  distances  which  he  had  run  by  patcMit  log  and  verified.  From  the  SE.  end  of 
Atkulik  Island  to  the  point  of  Foggy  Cape,  NE.  by  N.  30  miles;  from  Foggy  Cape  to  the 


134 

north  point  of  Aghiyuk  Island,  SE.  21  miles.     This  would  make  the  approximate  position 
of  Foggy  Cape  in 

Latitude 50°  32'  53"  N., 

Longitude 15G°  58'  40"  W., 

and  the  noi-th  point  of  Aghiyuk  Island  in 

Latitude 50M3'  41"  N., 

Longitude 150°  43'  28"  W. 

Captain  Hansen  also  furnished  the  following  (see  H.  ().  Puli.,  No.  20,  Sup.,  No.  2): 
North  end  of  Aghiyuk  Island, 

Latitude 50°  15'  N., 

Longitude 150°  53'  W.; 

South  end  of  Aghiyuk  Island, 

Latitude 50°  11'  N., 

Longitude 156°  53'  W. 

These  last  positions  are  probably  obtained  by  accepting  the  chart  position  of  Foggy  Cape 
as  given  on  past  editions  of  the  chart  and  ap^jlying  the  runs.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the 
first  positions  I  have  given  are  approximately  correct.  They  were^obtained  by  taking  as 
the  point  of  departure  the  astronomical  position  of  the  Albatross  at  Anchorage  Bay,  applying 
to  it  the  direction  ENE.  4  E.  22  miles  to  the  southern  side  of  Atkulik  Island  (taken  from 
the  sketch),  and  NE.  liy  N.  30  miles  (from  Hansen).  This  gives  an  approximate  position  for 
Foggy  Cape;  then  applying  Hansen's  course  SE.  21  miles,  gives  the  approximate  position 
of  the  northern  end  of  Aghiyiik  Island. 

Chignik  Bay  is  easily  recognized  1  )y  the  topograi)hy  of  the  soiithern  shore.  The  southern 
point  of  entrance  is  Tuliumnit  or  Castle  Point,  the  extreme  end  of  a  coast  ridge,  and  seems 
to  be  composed  of  a  friable  sandstone  in  horizontal  strata.  The  point  stands  out  boldly, 
and  is  rugged  and  castellated  in  towers  and  pinnacles.  The  extreme  seaward  face  is  denuded, 
and  a  large  slide  is  noticeable. 


f /J 

SE.xE'/4£(may/  Castle  Cape,  or  7\ilnanmt  Point. 


SxE  }i  E.(mag.) 

ChanHliut    Island.  Castle  Cape. 


Castle  Cape. 


SW.xW.'/aW.(mag.) 


Immediately  west  of  the  point  is  Castle  Bay,  about  two  miles  wide  at  the  entrance, 
and  several  miles  long,  with  a  ridge  projecting  into  the  southwest  side  appai'eutly  forming 
two  arms  of  the  bay.  West  of  Castle  Bay  are  four  projecting  ridges  with  valleys  between, 
terminating  in  shingle  beaches,  which  seem  to  form  shallow  bends  or  coves.  Across  the 
shingle  the  land  dips  down  as  though  there  might  be  ponds  inside.  The  third  ridge  has  a 
high  grassy  bluff  projecting  to  the  eastward  toward  the  valley.  The  ends  of  these  ridges 
are  nearly  on  line  on  a  bearing  E.  \  S. 


133 


Anchorage  Bay  is  tlio  deep  iiulentutidn  lliat  iii.-ikcs  around  the  western  side  of  the 
fourth  ridge  (see  survey).  This  ridge,  as  seen  on  entering  the  bay,  rises  in  vertical-  bluffs 
about  200  feet  high,  receding  to  a  rounded  hill,  covered  with  grass  and  scrub  alders,  to  a 
lieight  of  nearly  1,000  feet.  The  ridge  on  the  western  side  entering  the  bay  is  irregular  in 
form,  partly  grass-covered,  with  vertical  bluffs  on  the  water  face.  Off  the  western  point  of 
entrance  and  projecting  into  Chignik  Bay  is  a  largo  Isolated  rock,  grass-covered,  82  feet 
high,  connected  with  the  shore  at  low  water,  and  having  a  lower  sentinel  rock  projecting 
from  it.     A  shingle  spit  projects  from  the  eastern  shore  in  a  general  southwest  direction. 

Enter  the  bay  in  mid-channel  and  anchor  off  the  canneries  in  15  to  18  fathoms.  The 
best  holding  ground  is  off  the  Pacific  Steam  Whaling  Company's  cannery.  Off  the  upper 
cannery  and  under  the  shingle  spit  the  holding  ground  is  not  good.  The  winds  blow  very 
strong,  and  vessels  are  freqiiently  driven  from  their  anchors.  To  the  eastward  of  the  can- 
neries the  mountain  masses  are  high  and  abrupt,  and  the  back-lash  of  the  easterly  gales 
makes  the  anchorage  very  uncomfortable.  In  the  spring  and  fall  heavy  northwest  gales 
make  the  anchorage  sometimes  unsafe. 


SlV^/slVfmaff.) 
Entrance  to  Anchorage  Bay.   Chignih. 


WSW.'MW.(mag) 


Next  west  from  Anchorage  Bay  is  Doris  Bay,  called  locally  Mud  Bay,  of  which  the 
Coast  Survey  pul)lishes  a  chart  (No.  8891),  and  west  of  the  latter  is  Chignik  Lagoon,  at  the 
head  of  which  is  the  salmon  stream.  An  anchorage  may  be  made  off  the  entrance  to  Doris 
Bay,  but  no  deep-draft  vessel  can  enter  the  bay. 

The  head  separating  this  bay  from  the  lagoon  torniinates  in  a  high,  rounded  head,  with 
a  nearly  vertical  sea  face.  Moderate-sized  vessels  have  entered  the  lagoon  and  moored  off 
the  cannery,  but  I  would  not  advise  it.  I  was  told  that  insurance  companies  declined 
issuing  insurance  to  vessels  entering  the  lagoon. 

In  entering  or  leaving  Chignik  Bay,  strangers  should  leave  Nakchamik  and  Atkulik 
islands  to  the  northward  and  westward.  Inside  these  islands  there  is  some  foul  ground  and 
unsurveyed  dangers. 

Nakchamik  Island,  fnmi  the  southward  and  westward,  is  a  bold  ridge,  lower  at  the 
western  end,  and  lowest  near  its  apparent  center.  Just  to  the  easstward  of  the  apparent  center, 
where  the  outline,  as  seen  from  the  position  given,  seems  to  dip  mostly,  rises  a  conical  hill 
or  peak,  and  from  this  peak  to  the  eastern  end  of  the  island  is  a  series  of  blunt  i^eaks  close 
together,  terminating  at  the  eastern  tangent  in  a  bold,  high  bluff.  The  island  is  generally 
grass-covered.     A  reef  seems  to  make  off  the  western  shore  for  some  distance. 


KE.(mag.) 


Na/lchamiH  Island. 


ENE.'/»E.(mag.) 


Rocky  Islet  is  bold  and  high,  generally  gi-ayish  and  reddish  in  color,  with  grassy 
patches  on  the  less  steep  slopes.     The  southern  bhiffs  are  of  marked  columnar  structure. 

Atkulik  Island  ivsmnbles  in  character  Rocky  Islet.  On  the  southeast  side  it  has 
close-to  a  higli  liaysiack  rock. 


Nahchamih  Id. 


Rochy  Id. 


Athulih  Id. 


136 

Castle  Cape  from  the  northward  and  eastward  is  not  so  marked  in  outline  and  the  slide 
seen  from  the  northwest  does  not  appear  from  this  position. 

Chankliut  Island,  SE.  from  Castle  Point,  as  seen  from  the  northward,  appears  like 
three  separate  islands  tangent  to  each  other.  The  western  tangent  is  on  range  with  Castle 
Point  on  a  bearing  S.f  E.  From  the  position  the  apparent  separate  parts  terminate  on  the 
nearest  side  in  high  red  bluffs.  The  eastern  and  central  parts  appear  generally  flat,  while 
the  western  part  is  conical.  The  slopes  are  grassy.  A  few  scattered  detached  rocks  seem  to 
lie  off  the  western  side. 


ChanHUut  Island. 


s.'A£. 
Castle  Cape. 


Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  subject,  I  beg  to  refer  to  the  error  on  page  109,  Bulletin 
No.  35,  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.  Doris  Bay,  which  was  surveyed  in  1874, 
and  which  cannot  be  used  by  deep-draft  vessels,  is  evidently  confounded  with  Anchorage 
Bay,  which  so  far  as  I  know  was  never  surveyed  until  1897.  A  reference  to  the  sketch  by 
the  Albatross  will  make  all  this  clear.  "^ 

It  was  either  at  night  or  at  twilight  that  the  AJbatro.ss  passed  the  Semidi  Islands  and 
Foggy  Cape,  and  I  am  therefore  unable  to  describe  them,  excepting  to  say  that  Sutwik 
Island  is  low. 


KADIAK  ISLAND 

fr(jm  the  northward  and  westward  appears  very  mountainous  and  rugged.  The  mountain 
tops  seem  to  be  of  uniform  height  and  of  the  same  character,  conical  in  outline,  with  straight 
sides  except  on  the  coast,  where  the  faces  are  frequently  broken  off  into  cliff's  or  bluffs.  The 
low  peaks  seem  to  be  bare  for  a  short  distance  from  the  top,  and  the  prevailing  color  is 
reddish.  The  slopes  of  the  mouutains  and  the  valleys  on  the  western  half  of  the  island  are 
covered  with  grass  and  alders,  while  the  eastern  half  is  wooded. 

Karluk  Head,  or  Cape  Karluk,  forming  the  western  side  of  Karluk  Roads,  is  very 
])rominent  and  may  be  easily  recognized  as  a  bold,  rocky  headland  projecting  beyond  all 
other  points  in  this  locality  into  Shelikof  Straits.  It  is  apparently  the  highest  point  and 
has  a  nearly  vertical  sea  face,  an  irregular  rounded  top,  and  is  reddish-brown  in  color.  From 
the  summit  it  slopes  in  a  southerly  direction  and  is  grass-covered.  "With  Cape  Karluk  bear- 
ing NE.  by  N.  and  Seal  Rocks  SE.,  the  cape  is  recognized  as  the  most  prominent  headland 
along  the  northern  shore.  It  appears  conical  in  outline,  higher  than  the  adjacent  hills  ex- 
tending l)ack,  and  has  bold  sides;  the  receding  slopes  are  grass-covered.  To  the  eastward 
three  low  points  are  seen  to  make  out  from  the  shore,  while  the  features  to  the  westward  are 
high  and  bold.  From  the  point  of  observation  there  is  seen  to  the  westward  of  the  cape  a 
large  section  of  whitish  cliff,  which  upon  nearer  approach  is  seen  to  be  the  central  part  of 
the  seaward  face  of  a  ridge  separating  two  indentations. 


KarluK  Head. 


NE.f.N.{mag.) 


Bold  Whilt  Cliffs. 
Kadiak  Island. 


137 

On  approacliing  the  cape  tlie  land  to  tlic  eastward  opens,  and  a  high  triangular  hhiff 
appears,  which  is  next  east  of  Cape  Karhik,  of  a  grayisli  color,  with  a  marked  sli(h'  extend- 
ing from  the  central  or  highest  ])art  almost  to  the  water. 


Slide. 


N£%E.(mag.) 

KarluK  Head. 


Immediately  to  the  westwar<l  of  the  cape  is  a  cove  or  ])ight  bordered  by  a  low  sliore 
with  grassy  jjlains. 

So  far  as  known,  there  are  no  dangers  olf  Karluk.  The  3-fathom  cnrve  extends  about 
\\  cables  from  the  high-water  mark  off  the  shingle  spit.  It  is  an  open  roadstead  (see  survey), 
and  in  bad  weather  is  an  unsafe  anchorage,  particularly  with  winds  from  the  southwest 
around  by  north  to  northeast.  There  are  (1897)  two  large  mooring  buoys  off  the  canneries, 
the  western  one  in  15^  fathoms,  the  inner  one  in  18^  fathoms,  to  which  vessels  may  moor. 
Anchorage  may  be  found  between  the  western  buoy  and  Tanglefoot  Baj'-  in  12  to  14  fathoms, 
or  between  the  buoys  and  the  shore  clear  of  the  scows  in  the  same  depths.  For  a  description 
of  the  canneries  and  the  river,  see  my  report.  If  necessary  to  leave  Karluk  to  seek  an 
anchorage,  it  may  be  found  under  Harvester  Island,  on  the  western  side  of  Uyak  Bay,  about 
18  miles  from  Karluk,  for  which  directions  Avill  be  given. 

Slide  and  Waterfalls. — The  main  salmon  fishery,  and  probably  the  largest  in  the 
world,  is  conducted  on  Karluk  Spit,  but  some  fishing  is  done  off  the  Slide  and  the  Water- 
falls. The  former  is  the  slide  in  the  triangular  bluff  next  eastward  of  Karluk  Spit,  the 
latter,  two  in  number,  are  in  the  twin  valley  just  east  of  the  former.  Thej'  are  not  over  350 
yards  apart,  separated  by  a  conical  knoll.  There  is  a  house  on  the  bluff  close  to  the  bank 
of  the  western  fall,  and  a  large  fishermen's  camp  on  the  beach  close  to  the  eastern  fall. 


iValerfalls. 


Slide. 
KadiaH  Island. 


KarluH. 


Northeast  Harbor  is  a  small  cove  a  few  miles  oast  of  the  Waterfalls,  in  which  the 
small  cannery  steamers  make  a  fair  lee  in  strong  northeast  winds.  In  1897  there  were  four 
new  shacks  on  the  l)luff s  along  the  beach. 

Cape  Uyak,  known  locally  as  Seven-Mile  Point,  is  about  tliat  distance  to  the  eastward 
of  Karluk.  It  is  the  outer  end  of  a  ridge  terminating  in  an  angular  slope  forming  the  pitch 
of  tlie  cape.  As  seen  from  the  westward,  it  slopes  from  the  water  at  an  angle  of  30  degrees, 
and  has  a  small,  grass-covered  patch ;  beyond  this  it  is  bare  to  a  deep  cleft,  and  beyond  this 
there  are  grass-covered  slopes.  The  general  coloring  is  slaty-gray,  with  reddish  patches  in 
the  cliffs. 


A  - 

H£.(mag.) 


Cape  Uyah. 


la-s 


From  tlie  eastward  Cape  Uyak  may  be  distinguished  by  its  colors :  from  the  extreme 
point  to  the  cleft  it  is  slaty-gray,  then  for  an  equal  distance  it  is  yellowish,  the  lines  of 
demarkation  being  very  sharp ;  the  color  beyond  is  light  gray  with  a  yellowish  tinge. 


Grey. 


Yellow.  "    Dark  Stale  Grey. 

Cape  Uyafi. 


SSIV'/!W.(mag.) 


It  is  said  in  going  from  Karluk  to  the  anchorage  in  Uyak  Bay  that  there  are  no  dangers 
1  mile  off  shore;  on  the  run  made  by  the  Albatross  we  saw  none.  I  should  therefore  give 
the  following  directions : 

Steer  a  course  that  will  carry  at  least  1  mile  off  shore,  and  when  Harvester  Island  is 
made  keep  to  the  eastward  of  it  and  round  its  southern  end  ^  mile  distant.  When  the  Pacific 
Steam  Whaling  Company's  cannery,  which  is  the  southernmost  and  painted  brown,  is  sighted, 
stand  for  it  on  a  SW.  by  S.  course  and  anchor  2  cables  off  the  cannery  in  from  10  to  13 
fathoms.  Wishing  to  go  to  the  inner  anchorage,  stand  in  as  before  directed,  and  haul  up 
for  the  ujiper  cannery,  keeping  the  western  shore  well  on  board  to  avoid  a  dangeroiis  spit 
making  halfway  across  the  channel  from  the  southern  jDoint  of  Harvester  Island.  When 
past  the  spit,  haul  into  mid-channel  and  anchor  at  discretion  off  the  cannery  or  above  in  15 
fathoms.  Favor  the  Kadiak  Island  side,  as  the  Harvester  Island  side  is  shoal  until  well 
above  the  cannery.     (See  siirvey.) 

The  harbor  is  formed  by  Kadiak  Island  on  one  side  and  Harvester  Island  on  the  other. 
Bear  Island,  an  islet  at  liigh  water,  lies  off  the  northwest  entrance.  In  entering  Uyak  Bay  • 
from  the  westward  do  not  mistake  Bear  Island,  which  may  partly  hide  Harvester  Island, 
for  the  latter.  There  is  a  passage  between  Bear  and  Harvester  islands,  but  it  is  obstructed 
with  rocks.  In  1897  the  canneries  had  the  channel  marked  by  buoys,  but  they  cannot  be 
depended  upon,  and  a  local  knowledge  is  necessary  for  its  safe  navigation ;  strangers  should 
not  attempt  its  passage. 

The  onlj'  known  dangers  in  entering  by  the  soiithern  jiassage  are  Cormorant  Rock, 
which  covers  at  high  water  and  is  li  cables  off  shoi-e  and  lies  E.  J  N.  over  A  mile  from  the 
Pacific  Steam  Whaling  Company's  cannery,  and  the  spit  previously  referred  to. 

Between  Rocky  Point  and  Bear  Island  a  wide  valley  extends  back  several  miles.  It  is 
grassy,  with  patches  of  alder.  From  the  beach  it  rises  in  low  but  steep  banks,  which  are 
bare  and  brownish  in  color,  and  then  extends  back  in  gentle  undulations,  but  is  generally 
level  for  several  miles. 


Larsens  Bay. — The  entrance  to  this  bay  is  5  miles  SE.  from  the  anchorage  off  the 
Pacific  Steam  Wlialing  Company's  cannery.  (See  surveys.)  The  bay  is  4  miles  long  in  a 
NE.  and  SW.  direction,  and  has  an  average  width  of  over  O.G  mile.  It  is  a  beautiful  sheet 
of  water,  very  deep  along  the  northwest  shore,  and  shoaler  along  the  o^jposite  bank.  The 
entrance  is  much  obstructed  by  a  rock  which  lies  nearly  in  mid-channel,  and  the  shoal  water, 
which  extends  from  both  shores.  No  specific  directions  can  be  given ;  the  survey  is  the  best 
guide.     A  stranger  desiring  to  use  this  passage  should  search  out  and  mark  the  rock  and 


1  .-59 

point  of  si)it  oil  tlio  starboard  liand  entering,  wlien  a  safe  passage  can  be  made  and  a  good 
anchorage  found  off  the  old  cannery  wharf. 

The  Karhik  Lakes  are  said  to  bo  about  G  miles  from  the  head  of  this  bay. 

The  Alhafross  in  leaving  Uyak  Bay  gave  both  shores  a  good  berth  and  anchored  for  a 
few  hours  off  Little  River,  just  westward  of  Cape  Ugat.  Cape  Ugat  is  a  high  ridge  sloping 
in  irregular  form  and  ratlier  abruptly  to  a  low  rocky  shelf  which  projects  into  the  straits 
forming  the  pitch  of  the  cape.  The  cape  is  easily  recognized  by  an  outlying  high  conical 
rock,  grass-covered  on  top,  and  having  a  second  small  rock  lying  outside  of  it.  It  is  said 
that  the  small  cannery  steamers  pass  between  the  high  rock  and  the  cape. 


Cape  Ugat. 


SS  W.fmoff.) 


Tlie  chad  of  Uganuh  Bay  is  so  different  from  the  actual  features  that  iu  the  absence  of 
a  cartographical  guide  I  hesitate  to  describe  such  features  as  come  \inder  my  notice  for  fear 
of  adding  confusion.  Our  time  only  permitted  a  reconnoissance  of  the  head  of  the  western 
bay,  and  by  referring  to  it  some  idea  may  be  gained  of  the  chart  errors. 

Uganuk  Bay  is  a  large  body  of  water  lying  between  Ugauuk  Island  and  the  peninsula 
of  which  Cape  Ugat  is  the  extreme  end.  From  the  lower  or  southeast  end  an  irregular  moun- 
tain mass  projects  into  the  l)ay,  dividing  it  into  what  I  have  called  East  and  West  Uganuk 
bays.  The  latter  has  three  arms:  the  first,  making  to  the  eastward  about  3  miles  withiu 
the  extreme  point  separating  the  bays,  which  we  have  called  the  Northeast  Arm ;  the  sec- 
ond, about  4:  miles  beyond,  has  a  general  east  and  west  direction  and  is  about  4  miles  long 
and  1  mile  wide  at  the  entrance,  but  the  upper  half  is  entirely  obstructed  by  great  tidal 
flats  which  are  almost  entirely  uncovered  at  low  water;  this  we  have  called  East  Arm.  The 
third  branch  is  the  southern  extension  of  the  bay  and  is  about  4  miles  long  and  f  mile  wide; 
we  have  called  it  South  Arm.  From  the  head  of  West  Uganuk  Bay  there  is  a  j^assage 
around  the  southern  end  of  Uganuk  Island,  but  it  is  said  to  be  navigable  for  boats  only. 

The  Albatross  entered  the  bay  from  the  westward  and  kept  about  14-  miles  from  the 
western  jioints  or  headlands,  until  the  western  bay  was  i-eached,  when  a  mid-channel  course 
was  held,  leaving  all  the  islands  in  the  lower  part  of  the  bay  to  the  westward. 

After  rounding  Cape  Ugat  the  first  X'oint  seen  on  the  western  shore  terminates  in  two 
island-like  knobs,  "the  inner  one  conical  with  a  reddish  bluft',  the  outer  one  lower  and  flatter, 
and  both  grass-covered  on  top.  When  the  point  comes  abeam  it  is  seen  to  be  crescent- 
shaped,  curving  to  the  southward,  forming  a  shallow-looking  bay,  and  having  a  few  outlying 
rocks. 


ENE.(mag) 


Red . 


Point  next  East  of  Cape  Ugat. 


The  next  i><)iiit  seen  making  from  the  western  .shore  is  flat  and  low,  covered  Avith  grass 
and  alder  clumps,  with  low  dark  bluff's  on  the  northern  and  western  shores.  It  slopes  back 
gently  to  a  high  hill  with  steep  and  rugged  sides,  the  end  of  a  short  uneven  ridge.     This 


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140 


point  seems  to  be  the  true  westeru  entrance  point  to  the  bay. 
detaclied  from  the  shore. 


It  has  two  large  rocks  slightly 


S  E-XE.  (mag.) 


Low  Point.  fVest  Entrance  to  l/i/anii/f  Bay. 


On  rounding  thi.s  point  the  western  bay  fully  ojjens,  and  near  the  head  of  it,  on  the 
western  side,  is  seen  what  appears  to  be  a  long,  low,  iiudulating  point,  which  upon  nearer 
approach  is  made  out  as  the  cluster  of  rocky  islets  lying  off  the  native  village  of  Uganuk. 

I  find  that  I  failed  to  describe  what  we  called  "West  Point  on  the  reconnoissance,  but 
it  is  not  prominent.  I  recall,  in  coming  out  of  the  bay,  we  attempted  to  cut  in  points  ahead, 
and  recognized  West  Point  from  the  small  detached  rock,  but  when  it  was  projected  against 
the  land,  neither  the  i^oint  nor  the  rock  could  be  recognized. 

East  Point,  on  our  reconnoissance,  is  the  middle  point  separating  East  and  West  Uganuk 
bays,  and  is  the  northwest  extremity  of  a  long,  high,  level  ridge  with  stfeep  sides,  as  seen  from 
West  Uganuk  Bay.  From  the  top  of  the  ridge  to  the  point  the  slope  is  gentle  and  even, 
and  off  the  point,  which  is  low,  are  several  large  rocks,  the  larger  one  having  a  flat  top  with 
bluff  sides.  The  point  is  grassy,  with  alder  clumps.  The  shore  extending  from  the  iJoint 
southward  has  low,  clayey  bluffs. 


NNE.%E.(mag.) 


Middle  Point.  Ugnnuh  Bay. 


Off  Rock  Point,  which  forms  the  southern  point  of  entrance  to  Northeast  Arm,  are  sev- 
eral rocks,  and  from  this  point  to  East  Arm  is  a  long  line  of  high  bluffs,  which  are  the 
lower  extensions  of  the  high  mountain  masses  to  the  eastward. 

Village  Islands,  lying  off  the  old  native  village  of  Uganuk,  on  the  western  side  of  the 
bay,  are  all  high  and  rocky  and  on  the  channel  side  seem  bold-to.  Village  Peninsula  is  a 
rocky  head  and  an  island  at  high  water.  There  is  probably  a  good  anchorage  for  moderate- 
sized  vessels  in  the  harbor  formed  by  the  islands  and-the  peninsula.  No  specific  examination 
was  made  of  these  waters,  but  at  the  village  a  white  man  said  that  it  was  clear  of  dangers. 

The  village  is  a  collection  of  12  or  15  barabaras,  with  a  winter  population  of  30  or  40 
Aleuts.  In  summer  these  natives  inhabit  the  village  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  emptying 
into  the  head  of  the  East  Arm. 

Uganuk  Spit  forms  the  northern  point  of  entrance  to  East  Arm.  In  approaching  it 
from  the  northwest  at  a  distance  it  appears  like  a  long,  low  spit,  projecting  into  West  Uganuk 
Bay,  with  the  cannery  buildings  on  the  outer  point.  Upon  nearer  approach  it  is  found  to  be 
a  wide  shingle  beach  making  out  from  the  bluffs,  the  height  of  the  latter  giving  it  a  spit- 
like appearance.     At  the  base  of  the  bluffs  is  a  small  lagoon. 


UyanuK  Spit. 


S£.(naffj 


141 

The  cannery  anchorage  is  off  the  outk't  to  the  lagoou  in  14  to  IG  fathoms,  soft  bottom. 
In  this  position  the  Noisy  Ishinds,  at  the  entrance  to  tlie  main  bay,  are  seen  across  tlic  jjoint 
of  the  spit.  A  better  anchorage,  in  from  8  to  10  fathoms,  may  be  found  a  mile  fartlier  up 
the  arm  off  the  saltery.  (See  survey.)  About  i  mile  beyond  the  saltery  extensive  tidal  flats 
fill  tlie  head  of  the  arm  for  a  distance  of  about  3  miles  to  the  mouth  of  the  stream. 

The  surrounding  country  is  very  mountainous,  and  it  is  said  in  winter  the  winds  from 
the  southAvest  are  very  violent.  There  is  also  more  rain  and  mist  here  than  in  the  neighbor- 
ing localities,  caused  probably  by  the  high  mountain  systems  near  by. 

There  is  a  saltery,  now  closed,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  East  Arm  over  1  mile  within 
the  entrance,  and  at  the  head  of  the  arm  is  the  mouth  of  the  outlet  to  a  lake  which  is  8 
miles  from  the  mouth.     Tlie  cannery  on  the  spit  receives  its  fish  from  the  head  of  the  arm. 

South  Arm  is  the  extension  of  West  Uganuk  Bay  to  the  southward,  and  is  about  4 
miles  long  by  j  mile  wide,  with  a  dog-salmon  stream  at  the  head.  No  specific  examination 
was  made  of  this  arm  except  to  traverse  it  in  going  to  and  from  the  salmon  stream.  The 
only  danger  noticed  was  a  ledge  uncovered  at  low  water  lying  about  150  yards  off  the  eastern 
shore,  i  mile  south  of  Mink  Point,  or  between  Mink  Point  and  an  arch  rock  which  lies  oft' 
the  next  jaoint  within  the  entrance. 

The  banks  of  the  stream  during  summer  are  infested  with  bear,  and  in  using  the  bear 
trails  care  must  be  taken,  as  the  Aleuts  frequently  have  well-concealed  bear  traps  t)ver  them. 

The  Albatross  upon  leaving  Uganuk  made  a  few  soundings,  but  as  there  are  no  located 
featui'es  from  which  a  position  could  be  obtained  they  have  not  been  sent  in.  A  mid-chan- 
nel course  was  pursued  and  the  depths  ranged  from  80  to  a  little  under  100  fathoms,  except 
in  mid-channel  on  a  course  NW.  ^  W.  with  the  liighest  part  of  Noisy  Island  abeam,  distant 
aboiit  2  miles,  where  31  fathoms  depth  was  obtained. 

From  a  point  2  miles  outside  of  Noisy  Island,  a  course  of  N.  i  W.  carried  the  Albatross 
into  Cook  Inlet. 

I  would  suggest  in  this  connection  that  in  addition  to  the  reconnoisanco  surveys  made 
by  the  Albatross  in  1897,  the  Coast  Survey  might  find  some  additional  information  upon 
which  to  base  corrections  in  Fish  Commission  Bulletin,  Volume  IX,  of  1889.  Alitak  and 
Olga  bays  might  be  used,  as  the  representation  on  chart  8500  is  much  in  error. 

The  Albatross  went  from  Kodiak  {St  Paul)  to  Kaiiiik  by  what  might  be  called  the 
inside  passage;  that  is,  through  Usinka  Narrows,  Wliale  Passage,  Karluk  Strait,  and  Slie- 
likof  Straits.  I  would,  however,  not  recommend  this  passage  to  anyone  not  thoroughly 
acquainted.  The  temptation  to  use  this  passage  is  very  great,  as  the  route  around  Afognak 
Island  or  the  southern  end  of  Kadiak  Island  is  long  and  not  free  from  danger.  I  am  unable 
to  describe  this  roiite,  as  I  passed  through  but  once,  and  then  my  whole  attention  was  upon 
the  careful  navigation  of  the  vessel,  but  in  general  terms  the  run  can  be  indicated : 

Upon  leaving  Kodiak  by  the  northern  channel,  it  is  said  that  by  keeping  the  water- 
front of  the  village  oi^en  of  intervening  points  all  dangers  are  avoided.  The  Albatross, 
after  rounding  St.  George  Rocks,  stood  up  midway  between  Spruce  Island  and  Kadiak  Island. 
There  seem  to  be  no  daiigers  in  mid-channel  until  the  western  end  of  TJsinka  Narrows  are 
reached;  here  the  channel  is  very  miich  contracted,  first  by  the  small  island  which  lies  off' 
Usinka  village,  and  next  by  the  western  point  of  Spruce  Island  and  a  point  opposite  on  the 
Kadiak  Island  side.  In  passing  through  these  narrows,  sufficient  speed  only  to  keep  good 
control  of  the  vessel  should  be  maintained.  Keep  a  careful  mid-channel  course,  leaving  the 
small  island  to  the  northward,  and  after  passing  the  western  point  of  Sin'uce  Island  the  most 
critical  part  of  the  run 'is  encountered. 

The  route  now  lies  between  a  small  islet  in  a  bight  on  the  Kadiak  Iskind  shore,  and  a 
shelving  keiiJ  reef  whicli  covers  at  high  water.  Favor  the  islet  side,  and  when  through 
haul  off  a  little  from  the  next  point  on  the  Kadiak  Island  side.  In  passing  througli  these 
naiTows  several  vessels  have  struck  and  have  been  damaged,  and  in  two  instances  tlie  ves- 
sels were  in  charge  of  men  well  acquainted  in  the  locality;  but  it  is  said  that  if  a  careful 
mid-channel  course  is  kcjjt  Miero  are  no  dangers,  and  that  the  vessels  tliat  struck  were  not 
in  mid-channel. 


142 

Between  Afognak  Island  and  Kadiak  Island  on  the  eastern  side  is  a  large  island  known 
as  Whale  Island.  Afognak  Straits  lie  around  the  northern  side,  and  Whale  Passage  ai-ouud 
the  southern  side.  The  former  is  much  obstructed,  the  latter  clear.  The  Albatross  passed 
tlu'ough  Whale  Passage. 

After  passing  Usinka  Narrows  and  rounding  the  next  point  on  the  Kadiak  Island  side, 
head  for  the  southern  end  of  Whale  Island  and  enter  the  passage  between  the  rock  in  mid- 
channel,  which  covers  at  high  water  and  lies  just  within  the  entrance,  and  the  southern 
point  of  the  island.  A  grass-topjjed  islet  with  a  long  reef  and  outlying  rocks  making  to  the 
eastward  is  now  seen  ahead,  lying  midway  between  Whale  Island  and  Kadiak  Island.  Keep 
the  Whale  Island  shore  on  board,  piish  boldly  through,  keeping  midway  between  the  islet 
and  Whale  Island,  favoring  the  latter.  Except  at  slack  water  this  passage  has  a  very  unin- 
viting appearance;  the  current  is  strong  and  runs  in  swirls,  so  that  a  constant  watch  must 
bo  kept  to  keej)  the  vessel  pointed  fair.  I  made  particular  inquiries  in  relation  to  this  pas- 
sage and  was  told  that,  except  the  reefs  and  rocks  making  off  from  each  end  of  the  islet  in 
the  direction  of  the  channel,  there  are  no  dangers. 

Do  not  change  the  coiirse  until  well  past  Whale  Island,  as  a  reef  of  sunken  rocks  lies 
off  the  next  point  on  the  Kadiak  Island  shore,  and  for  the  same  reason  do  not  approach  the 
southeast  point  of  Raspberry  Island,  as  a  sunken  reef  extends  from  it  on  the  channel  side. 
A  careful  mid-channel  course  should  be  kept  until  well  past  the  southeast  part  of  Raspberry 
Island,  when  all  dangers  seem  to  be  passed.  After  clearing  the  straits'a  course  may  be  laid 
around  Uijauuk  Head. 


i 


4 


ORCA  INLET  and  part  or  CORDOVA  BAY 

PRINCE  WILLIAM  SOUND 

ALASKA 

U.S.F.C.S.  ALBATROSS 

Lieutenant  Commander  J.RMoser,U.S.N,,CofTi'Tianding 

August.     1897 

Astronomical  Station,  juiMiTUDt  lAs-i^sa-w 

Longitude  referred  to  Sitka 

Soundings  in  fathoms 

Scale,  zdinio 


Authorities 

Astronomical  observations  by  LieutenantL.M.6arrett,,U.S.N. 

Sextant  tr1an()u1ation  by  UeutenanU  H.  E,  Farm  enter,  U.S.N.  and  J.RM^6uinness,  U.S.N. 

Hydrography  by  Lieutenant  J.P.M-Guinne&s,U.S.N.and  Ensign  Y,  StirlinQ,U.S.t4. 

»•  Stations  occupied  or  at  which  signals  were  trected 

Vanilb""  Enas  of  steel  tape  measured  bass  line 

=  TViree  fathomciirve     ■  Lowwaterline. 


1  "  I  «*./'?  j^,S;Hoi»TH  Bock  Ij 


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JOD  t.  Heages  tne  rrosecuior  oi 
Election  Law  Violations. 


AS  DEPUTY  ATTORNEY  GENERAL 


Three  Grand  Juries  to  be  in  Session  at 

Once    in    New    York    County  — 

Cases  for  Investigation. 


On  Nov.  20  the  extraordinary  condition 
will  be  presented  nf  three  Grand  Juries 
sitting  at  once  In  New  York  County  for 
the  Investigation  of  crimes  or  alleged 
crimes.  No  such  extreme  measure  was 
ever  resorted  to  heretofore.  Indeed,  a  like 
condition  was  legrally  imoo.sslble  under  the 
old    Constitution   of   the    State. 

Two  of  these  Orand  Juries  have  been 
called  espclallv  for  the  Investieation  of 
registration  and  election  frauds,  one  by  the 
District  Attorney,  the  other  by  the  Gov- 
ernor. The  usu,<il  Grand  Jury  for  the 
month  Is  in, session,  but  Its  duties  In  the 
peculiar  circumstances  are  confined  to  the 
con.oideratlon  of  the  ordinary  prist  of  crim- 
inal  offenses. 

Tnder  orders  from  Gov.  Roosevelt,  the 
Intervention  nf  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
State  has  m.nde  a  third  Grand  Jury  neces- 
.sary.  after  the  District  .attorney's  effort 
to  forestall  such  action  by  the  Governor 
was  rendered  futile.  Attorney  General  Da- 
vles  will  not  appear  personally  to  prosecute 
the  expected  cases  In  this  county,  but  he 
will  be  renre^ented  by  deputy.  Job  E. 
HedRes.  who  was  private  secretary  to 
Mayor  Strong,  yesterday  announced  his  des- 
ignation as  Special  Deputy  Attorney  Gen- 
eral, to  District  Attornev  Gardiner.  In 
nresentln^  himself  to  the  District  Attorney. 
J'ir.  Hedges  submitted  his  eredentials. 
These  credent'.als.  which  were  filed  yester- 
day with  the  Secretary  of  State,  are  as  fol- 
low.'?: 

State  of  New  Tori;, 
Attornev    Qeiierol'^    Ollicp 

Albany.   Nov.   it,    is;i0. 

.Inh  E.    Ufrleps: 

.*^lr:  Ha^'inc  been,  in  pursuance  of  Rectloms  .n2 
end  r»7  of  tlie  exerutlve  low.  required  by  H's 
Kxce'.lency.  Gov.  Tbeodore  RocpeveU,  tn  attend 
In  person  or  hy  rcpie-'^entativo  before  the  Ir'iil 
t-^rm  tit  the  Supremo  Court,  now  belne  lioH  hy 
the  Hon.  E'lcar  I...  Fur.=man.  Justice  <'f  the 
Pupreme  Court,  ani  Hie  Grand  Jnrv  in  atlen- 
djinre  at  .^nid  Court,  and  aNo  the  Court  of  Gen- 
eral Sessions  and  the  Grand  Jurv  In  'attendance 
thrrpat.  Itnlh  nf  s:iid  courts  being  held  in  the 
Criminal  Court  Buildlnur  in  the  Borounh  of 
Manhattan.  Cnnnty  of  New  "i'orlt.  .ind  nls.n  .nnv 
other  court  taking  popnl^ance  of  alleKed  Viola- 
tions of  tlie  primary  and  election  laws,  and  of 
any  other  crimes  or  misdemeanors  committed 
In  connection  with  such  nlle^ed  violations  in  the 
County  of  New  York.  I  hcrebv  appoint  and  ns- 
sien  you  Depntv  Attorney  General  for  tile  pur- 
pose of  tniinairinfr  and.  conductint;  any  criminal 
action  or  proceedinir  touching  any  alleged  \-Io1.t- 
ticns  of  tlie  primary  or  election  Inws  in  the  said 
County  or  New  York  durine  the  month.s  of  Sep- 
tember. October,  and  November,  Iftno,  or  any 
other  crimes  or  misdemeanors  commltt-'d  in  con- 
nection ^vith  such  alles'^d  violations.  Yours  very 
trulv. 

,T.    C,    DAVIES,    Attorney   General, 
District    Attorney    Gardiner   received    Mr, 
Hedges   politely,    and    a    few   minutes    later 
the   two    went    tofcether   before   the   Special 
Grand  .lury   now   sittine". 

The  designation  of  Mr.  Hedges  as  Spe- 
cial Deputy  Attorney  General  was  the  re- 
sult of  charges  made  by  John  C,  Sheehan. 
Tammany  leader  of  the  Ninth  Assembly 
District,  that  frauds  were  committed  at  the 
last  iJrimarv  election,  and  chareos  from  the 
Thlrtv-fourth  Assembly  Distrh:t  that  sim- 
ilar fratids  were  committed  there.  Deputy 
Attorney  General  Coyne  came  here  to  in- 
vestigale  the  charses,  and  on  his  report 
Gov,  Roosevelt  ordered  a  special  Grand 
Jury  to  consider  ihetn,  and  Supreme  Court 
Justice  Werner  of  Kochcster  was  assigne.l 
to  preside. 

On  the  motion  of  District  Attorney  Gar- 
diner, however,  a  special  Grand  Jury  for 
the  county  wa.s  impaneled  before  .lustice 
Fursman  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Criminal 
Braneb,  to  hear  precisely  the  s.ame  class 
of  cases  contemplated  for  the  action  of  the 
Werner  Grand  Jury,  It  Is  probaV)le  no>v, 
a<^cordiug  to  Mr,  Hedges,  that  the  Gar- 
diner Special  Grand  Jiiry  will  hear  cases 
of  primary  and  election  law  violations, 
whlh'  the  Werner,  or  Governor's,  inriuisl- 
tlon  will  be  tlevoted  to  hunting  bigger  game 
than  llv  common  colonizer  or  repeiiter, 

"  Oil  behalf  of  the  Attorney  General," 
s.ald  Mr.  Hedges  yesterday.  "  I  shall  prose- 
cute the  alleged  violations  of  the  primary 
election  law  In  the  Ninth  and  Thirty- 
fourth  Districts,  and  other  election  law 
violations.  These  cases  are  to  be  coosli- 
erel  by  the  special  Grand  Jury  sworn  in 
by  Justice  Kursman  and  called  by  Dl.^trict 
Attorney  Gardiner.  At  present  ther"  are 
no  indictments— only  complaint.*— -but  in  the 
Investigation  of  these  complaints  I  shall 
personally  advise  the  Grand  Jury." 
"  The   Gj»  "■  -'9   was 

;i  sk^d 


Ilstrlet  f^Jr  thirty  days  prior  to  the  elec-* 
tlon  In  o/der  to  vole.  The  evidence  In  this 
case,  tils' Magistrate  held,  did  not  show  that 
the  de/endanl  had  complied  with  the  law. 
and  he  wa.s  compelled  to  hold  him  tor  the 
Grand  Jury, 


.'VLLRGBO    KR.\rDS    IX    COVRT. 

JuiIkc     TlioniiiH     TiilkM     to     the     <irund 

.lury    on    McCuIIiikIi'k    CliurKt-M. 

Judge  Edward  B.  Thomas,  In  the  United 
States  District  Court.  Brooklyn,  yesterday. 
Ill  charging  the  Grand  Jury  for  November, 
laid  particular  stress  upon  the  letter  Issued 
recently  by  Superintendent  of  Elections 
McCullagh  relative  to  alleged  frauds  In  nat- 
uralization. He  told  the  jury  that  Superin- 
tendent McCullagh  should  have  an  oppor- 
tunity of  appearing  before  that  body  and 
giving  evidence  as  to  the  commission  of 
fraud. 

Judge  Thomas  said  that  an  error  had  been 
made  In  stating  that  .1,lH)0  naturalization 
papers  had  been  Issued  In  Brooklyn  this 
year.  The  number  granted,  he  said,  was 
fully  l,(ji«i  less  than  that.  He  charged  the 
jury  to  make  this  question  of  fraud  Its  par- 
ticular business,  assuring  the  members 
that  the  Court  would  gladly  receive  infor- 
mation upon  which  prosecutions  could  be 
based. 

IVINETKEXTH  DISTUICT  EVIDENCE. 

Tulk     .4boiit    AlIeKftI     FninclN     In     tlie 
Maacet-Stewiirt    C'<in(eNt. 

ALBANY.  Nov.  111.— Senator  Elsberg  and 
Assemblyman  Edward  H.  Fallows  of  New 
York  were  at  the  Capitol  to-day.  and  for 
some  time  were  In  consultation  behind 
closed  doors  with  Attorney  General  Davles. 
Both  refused  to  disclose  the  object  of  their 
visit,  but  it  is  rumored  that  they  submitted 
additional  evidence  to  the  Attorney  General 
for  the  consideration  of  the  Grand  Jury 
which  will  be  drawn  to  serve  at  the  extraor- 
dinary term  of  the  Supreme  Court  appoint- 
ed by  the  Governor  to  convene  Nov.  20  to 
try  election  fraud  cases  in  New  York  Coun- 
ty. 

The  new  evidence,  it  is  said,  was  collected 
In  the  Nineteenth  New  York  District,  whore 
AssemblMTian  Mazet  met  defeat  at  the 
hands  of  Perez  M.  Stewart,  the  Tammany 
and  Citizens'    Union   nominee. 


G. 


MR.  WALTON'S  NE'W  OFFICE. 

I*  Cent   Hlni   !(!(i.a."n,!ST  to  Ueeonie   Sher- 
ifl* — A'at'itiioy    for    .\llotlier. 

It  cost  William  Walton,  Sheriff-elect  of 
Kings  County,  :«i!,2,"i,"i,S7  to  be  elected  to  an 
olTice  which  pays  its  Incumbent  from  $60,- 
COO  to  .$70,000  a  year,  Mr,  Walton  filed  an 
account  of  his  election  expenses  yesterday. 
He  paid  $4,(KjO  to  the  County  Campaign 
Committee,  .$100  to  the  Campaign  Commit- 
tee of  the  Tenth  Assembly  District,  .$.'i47.."iO 
for  advertising,  and  ,$iS.o  for  postage.  Car- 
riage hire  and  other  expenses  make  up  the 
total  named. 

The  election  of  Mr.  Walton  as  Sheriff 
will  cause  a  vacancy  In  his  present  otflce— 
that  of  Deputy  Coinmissioner  of  the  De- 
partment of  Public  Buildings.  Lighting  and 
Supplies.  Mr.  Walton  will  not  retire  from 
the  olTice  until  the  first  of  the  year,  but 
already  there  are  half  a  dozen  candidates 
for  the  place  in  the  Held,  William  R,  M=- 
Guire  is  mentioned  as  Mr.  Walton's  proba- 
ble successor,  Mr.  McGuire  is  the  Demo- 
cratic leader  of  the  Sixth  Assembly  Dis- 
trict, 


JuMitce    Bai'rett    Hurt    No    Expeniiev. 

Supreme  Court  Justice  George  C,  Bar- 
rett, who  was  re-elected  on  Tuesday,  his 
name  appearing  on  the  Tammany,  Repub- 
lican, and  Citizens'  Union  tickets,  filed  a 
certificate  yesterday  In  the  County  Clerk's 
offlce,  showing  that  he  had  no  election  ex- 
penses. 


FRAUDS   IN   PHILADELPHIA. 

Five       WfiMltlntflou        Men        .^rrOMted— 
Cnpltol    Police   OfHver   Involved. 

PHn,ADELPHI.\,  Penn..  Nov.  10.— As 
the  result  of  an  Investigation  five  men,  all 
residents  of  Washington,  D.  C,  arrested  on 
Tuesday,  were  to-day  held  In  ball  for 
court  on  the  charge  of  repeating.  Imper- 
sonating election  officers  and  making  fraud- 
ulent returns.  The  defendants  are  John 
F,  Shrehan,  R.  M.  Drliikert,  William 
Cook,  Harry  McCabe,  and  George  Kirk- 
land,  All  but  one  are  said  to  be  In  Gov- 
ernment   employ. 

It  developed  that  Kirkland  had  been  em- 
rdoyed  by  a  newspaper  to  enter  the  con- 
spiracy. He  was  lite  prlncii)al  witness  to- 
day. The  testimony  involved  several  prom- 
inent Republican  politicians  in  this  city, 
and  a  Lieutenant  of  Capitol  police  at 
Washington. 

Kirkland  testified  that  on  Tuesday  morn- 
ing lie  and  VVllliam  H.  Cook  went  to  the 
House  of  Deputy,  Coroner  Samuel  Salte- 
accvQU^^^iLJ^  /         >^^  ''>• 

of  ' '"•^oi^^^W" 


T. 

to    tl. 
tlon   (o 
condemn  a 


ted  In 

.•elatlve 

.losing   its   uc- 

.»  of  the   State  to 

,id  through  the  forest 


preserve  recalls  me  hurried  midnight  ses- 
sion of  the  old  Forest  Commission  to  get  the 
grant  to  this  railroad  company  through  be- 
fore the  present  Cnslltutin  went  Into  effect. 
The  commission  assembled  shortly  before 
midnight  Dec.  31,  181H,  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners being  brought  to  Albany  on  a  spe- 
cial engine.  The  new  Constitution,  which 
prohibits  the  leasing  or  giving  away  or 
selling  of  lands  within  the  forest  preserve. 
went  Into  effect  In  less  than  half  an  hour 
after  the  action  was  taken  by  the  Forest 
Commission  making  the  grant. 

Again,  the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals against  the  grant  to  the  railroad 
company  destroys  tne  plans  of  the  New 
York  and  Ottawa  Railroad  Company,  which 
was  to  operate  over  the  proposed  road 
through  the  forests.  The  plan  was  to  have 
a  direct  route  from  .•\lbany  and  Boston 
through  the  Adlrondacks  and  across  the  St. 
Lawrence  by  the  bridge  being  built  by  the 
Cornwall  Bridge  Company  into  Ontario. 
The  road  was  to  connect  with  that  now 
owned  by  the  company,  stretching  from 
Molru,  N,  Y„  to  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
and  with  the  Ottawa  and  New  York  Rail- 
way Company  from  Ottawa  to  Cornwall. 
I2U'/a  miles  In  length.  The  New  York  and 
Ottawa  had  acquired  the  Northern  New 
York  Railroad  from  Molra  to  Topper's 
Lake.  N.  Y.,  ."jD'/j  miles  long,  and  connect- 
ing lines  from  Topper's  l^ke  to  the  St. 
I.«twreuce  and  Ottawa  to  Cornwall,  which 
were  built  In  l!«i7  and  ISIS. 

The  connections  from  Albany  were  to 
be  b.v  the  Delaware  ajid  Hudson  Railroad 
to  North  Creek,  which  is  3S  miles  north 
of  Saratoga.  From  North  Creek  to  Top- 
per's I^ake  the  proposed  road  was  to  run 
through  wooded  lands,  and.  though  the  dis- 
tance Is  not  great,  the  belt  desired  passes 
through   sections  of   four  counties. 

The  grant  of  land  to  the  rallro.ad  com- 
pany was  fought  from  the  outset,  an  order 
of  the  court  to  show  cause  having  been  pro- 
cured the  day  after  the  Forest  Commission 
made  the  grant. 


SALE    OF    THE    CLOVER    LEAF. 


Judge  Tnft.  a<  CincinniUi.  AVill  .'Modify 
tlie  Order  To-day. 

CINCINNATI,  No/,  10.— After  hearing  ar- 
guments for  a  modification  of  his  order  of 
sale  for  the  Clover  Leaf  Railway  system 
Judge  Taft  announced  to-night  that  he 
would  make  an  additional  entry  to-morrow. 

The  appearance  of  Attorneys  Ford  and 
Neilan  from  New  York  gave  rise  to  the  ru- 
mor that  a  date  was  to  be  set  for  the  sale 
of  the  property,  but  nothing  of  the  kind  was 
mentioned.  The  lawyers  ask  for  a  revision 
of  the  order  of  the  court  so  as  tO  include 
additional   claims  amoi;g   the   liens. 

II  is  reported  that  reorganization  may  fol- 
low this  action  and  that  Receiver  Samuel 
Hunt  may  become  President.  The  receiver 
has  been  authorized  to  take  up  ?(i().lKJo  more 
certificates,  leaving  only  Ifl40,000  outstand- 
ing, 

Sontliern  Railway  Train   Service. 

The  Southern  Railway  Company  an- 
nounces that,  commencing  Dec.  10.  1W>'.),  It 
will  operate  through  train  service  over  its 
own  line  via  Columbia,  Peiry,  Blackvllle, 
and  Allendale,  S,  C,  into  and  out  of  Sa- 
vannah, Ga,  Also  from  that  date  that  Its 
through  car  service  will  be  operated  In  con- 
nection with  the  Plant  system  south  of  Sa- 
vannah, Ga,,  and  the  Florida  East  Coast 
Railway,  to  and  from  points  on  the  ea.st 
coast  of  Florida,  with  direct  connections  to 
and  from  Key  West.  Fla. :  Havana,  Cuba, 
and  Nas.suu,  N,  P,,  via  Miami,  Fla,.  In 
connection  with  the  Florida  I'^ast  Coast 
Steamship  I^lne,  and  In  connection  with  the 
Plant  system  south  of  Savannah  to  am' 
from  other  points  in  Florida,  Includlnu 
points  on  the  west  coa,st.  with  direct  con- 
nections to  and  from  Key  West  and  Ha- 
vana, via  Tampa,  Fla.,  In  connection  with 
the  Plant  Steamship  Line. 


Erie  to  Shorten  Line  to  Biiffnlo. 

SUSQUEH.\NNA,  Penn.,  Nov,  10,— The 
Erie  Kailwa.v  Company  is  having  another 
survey  made  of  a  line  across  Wayne  County 
connecting  with  Its  Jefferaon  branch  at 
Brandt,  Susquehann.i  County,  which  will 
shorten  the  distance  between  New  York 
and  Buffalo,  A  road  built  on  the  lines  of 
the  new  survey  will  put  Hone^dale,  the 
county  seat  of  Wayne  County,  on  the  main 
line  of  the  Erie. 


Brie  and   New  York  Central. 

President  E,  B,  Thomas  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road Company  returned  yesterday  from  a 
trip  over  the  system.  He  was  asked  as  to 
reports  that  the  Erie  syste,"'  '"  to  be  allied 
with ,  jf   the   New   ■<'  't'nl     and 


Htiootr 


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KARLUK 

KADIAK  ISLAND 

ALASKA 

U.S.F.C.S-  ALBATROSS 

Lieutenant  Commander  J.  F.  Moser,  U.S.N^Commanding 

August, 1897 

Soundings     In   fathoms 

Scale,     lo^so 


Authorities 

SexUnt  triangulation  by  Lieutenants  H.EParTncnU!r,U.S,N, and  J.RM^ Guinness. U.S.N 
Hyarography  by  En&ign  Y-  Stirling, U.S.N. 


o-Stations  occupied  or  at  which  signals  were  erecteO 
•a'  and'b"  -  Ends  of  steel  tape  measureO  base  line. 


Three  fathom  curve, 


-Low  wawr  line. 


KADI  A  K 


UYAK  ANCHORAGE 
UYAK  BAY.  KADIAK  ISLAND 
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